Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, most colleges and universities move to restrict campus activities, reduce indoor gatherings and move instruction online. These changes required that students adapt and alter their daily routines accordingly. To investigate patterns associated with...

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Autores principales:	Congyu Wu, Hagen Fritz, Melissa Miller, Cameron Craddock, Kerry Kinney, Darla Castelli, David Schnyer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 college students mobility pattern smartphone sensing GPS principal component analysis Medicine R Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/356cd7869acf47eca477897a710228a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:356cd7869acf47eca477897a710228a42021-11-30T12:01:46ZExploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study2673-253X10.3389/fdgth.2021.765972https://doaj.org/article/356cd7869acf47eca477897a710228a42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2021.765972/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-253XWith the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, most colleges and universities move to restrict campus activities, reduce indoor gatherings and move instruction online. These changes required that students adapt and alter their daily routines accordingly. To investigate patterns associated with these behavioral changes, we collected smartphone sensing data using the Beiwe platform from two groups of undergraduate students at a major North American university, one from January to March of 2020 (74 participants), the other from May to August (52 participants), to observe the differences in students' daily life patterns before and after the start of the pandemic. In this paper, we focus on the mobility patterns evidenced by GPS signal tracking from the students' smartphones and report findings using several analytical methods including principal component analysis, circadian rhythm analysis, and predictive modeling of perceived sadness levels using mobility-based digital metrics. Our findings suggest that compared to the pre-COVID group, students in the mid-COVID group generally 1) registered a greater amount of midday movement than movement in the morning (8–10 a.m.) and in the evening (7–9 p.m.), as opposed to the other way around; 2) exhibited significantly less intradaily variability in their daily movement; 3) visited less places and stayed at home more everyday, and; 4) had a significant lower correlation between their mobility patterns and negative mood.Congyu WuHagen FritzMelissa MillerCameron CraddockKerry KinneyDarla CastelliDavid SchnyerFrontiers Media S.A.articleCOVID-19college studentsmobility patternsmartphone sensingGPSprincipal component analysisMedicineRPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270Electronic computers. Computer scienceQA75.5-76.95ENFrontiers in Digital Health, Vol 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 college students mobility pattern smartphone sensing GPS principal component analysis Medicine R Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
spellingShingle	COVID-19 college students mobility pattern smartphone sensing GPS principal component analysis Medicine R Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Congyu Wu Hagen Fritz Melissa Miller Cameron Craddock Kerry Kinney Darla Castelli David Schnyer Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study
description	With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, most colleges and universities move to restrict campus activities, reduce indoor gatherings and move instruction online. These changes required that students adapt and alter their daily routines accordingly. To investigate patterns associated with these behavioral changes, we collected smartphone sensing data using the Beiwe platform from two groups of undergraduate students at a major North American university, one from January to March of 2020 (74 participants), the other from May to August (52 participants), to observe the differences in students' daily life patterns before and after the start of the pandemic. In this paper, we focus on the mobility patterns evidenced by GPS signal tracking from the students' smartphones and report findings using several analytical methods including principal component analysis, circadian rhythm analysis, and predictive modeling of perceived sadness levels using mobility-based digital metrics. Our findings suggest that compared to the pre-COVID group, students in the mid-COVID group generally 1) registered a greater amount of midday movement than movement in the morning (8–10 a.m.) and in the evening (7–9 p.m.), as opposed to the other way around; 2) exhibited significantly less intradaily variability in their daily movement; 3) visited less places and stayed at home more everyday, and; 4) had a significant lower correlation between their mobility patterns and negative mood.
format	article
author	Congyu Wu Hagen Fritz Melissa Miller Cameron Craddock Kerry Kinney Darla Castelli David Schnyer
author_facet	Congyu Wu Hagen Fritz Melissa Miller Cameron Craddock Kerry Kinney Darla Castelli David Schnyer
author_sort	Congyu Wu
title	Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study
title_short	Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study
title_full	Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study
title_fullStr	Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study
title_sort	exploring post covid-19 outbreak intradaily mobility pattern change in college students: a gps-focused smartphone sensing study
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/356cd7869acf47eca477897a710228a4
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Exploring Post COVID-19 Outbreak Intradaily Mobility Pattern Change in College Students: A GPS-Focused Smartphone Sensing Study

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