Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran

Free-living amoebae (FLA) thrive in diverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to define the FLA distribution from the Caspian Sea as well as from hospital ward dust from Guilan, Iran. Seawater (20) and hospital ward dust samples (100) were collected from May to June 2018. Seawater sa...

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Autores principales:	Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Nozhat Zebardast, Frederick R. Masangkay, Panagiotis Karanis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	acanthamoeba dust genotype naegleria polymerase chain reaction seawater Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3590c17001504b4389104bd5039e0761
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3590c17001504b4389104bd5039e07612021-11-06T06:03:58ZDetection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran1477-89201996-782910.2166/wh.2021.240https://doaj.org/article/3590c17001504b4389104bd5039e07612021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/2/278https://doaj.org/toc/1477-8920https://doaj.org/toc/1996-7829Free-living amoebae (FLA) thrive in diverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to define the FLA distribution from the Caspian Sea as well as from hospital ward dust from Guilan, Iran. Seawater (20) and hospital ward dust samples (100) were collected from May to June 2018. Seawater samples were vacuum filtered through a 0.45 μm pore-size membrane. Dust was collected using sterile gauze, washed with sterile distilled water, with washings collected thereafter. Washings were similarly filtered as seawater samples. FLA from the filtered material was cultivated in non-nutrient agar. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR and sequencing using specific primers for Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba/Hartmanella. Culture and PCR returned 50 and 65% positivity, respectively, for seawater samples where sequencing revealed Acanthamoeba T2, T5 and T6 genotypes and A. palestinensis and A. lenticulata, as well as N. dobsoni and N. clarki. In addition, 30% amoebic growth and 16% PCR detection were observed from hospital ward dust samples where sequencing revealed Acanthamoeba T2, T4 and T11 genotypes and A. castellanii, A. palestinensis and A. stevensoni as well as N. clarki. For both seawater and dust samples, Acanthamoeba was the dominant isolate. The detection of potentially pathogenic FLA from seawater may pose a threat to the public, while the presence of the same in dust spells threats to both hospital staff and patients, in particular, immunocompromised individuals. Public education, awareness, improved sanitation and hygiene, and the crafting of diagnostic strategies for the early detection of FLA in humans are necessary for the mitigation and management of potential human infection cases. HIGHLIGHTS Free-living amoebae (FLA) detected in environmental and infrastructure-derived samples.; Pathogenic genotypes of FLA detected in the Caspian Sea.; Pathogenic FLA detected in hospital wards for immunocompromised patients.; Pathogenic genotypes of FLA detected in hospital ward dust.; Hygiene and policies are necessary to protect humans against FLA infections.;Mohammad Reza MahmoudiNozhat ZebardastFrederick R. MasangkayPanagiotis KaranisIWA Publishingarticleacanthamoebadustgenotypenaegleriapolymerase chain reactionseawaterPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Water and Health, Vol 19, Iss 2, Pp 278-287 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acanthamoeba dust genotype naegleria polymerase chain reaction seawater Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	acanthamoeba dust genotype naegleria polymerase chain reaction seawater Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi Nozhat Zebardast Frederick R. Masangkay Panagiotis Karanis Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran
description	Free-living amoebae (FLA) thrive in diverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to define the FLA distribution from the Caspian Sea as well as from hospital ward dust from Guilan, Iran. Seawater (20) and hospital ward dust samples (100) were collected from May to June 2018. Seawater samples were vacuum filtered through a 0.45 μm pore-size membrane. Dust was collected using sterile gauze, washed with sterile distilled water, with washings collected thereafter. Washings were similarly filtered as seawater samples. FLA from the filtered material was cultivated in non-nutrient agar. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR and sequencing using specific primers for Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba/Hartmanella. Culture and PCR returned 50 and 65% positivity, respectively, for seawater samples where sequencing revealed Acanthamoeba T2, T5 and T6 genotypes and A. palestinensis and A. lenticulata, as well as N. dobsoni and N. clarki. In addition, 30% amoebic growth and 16% PCR detection were observed from hospital ward dust samples where sequencing revealed Acanthamoeba T2, T4 and T11 genotypes and A. castellanii, A. palestinensis and A. stevensoni as well as N. clarki. For both seawater and dust samples, Acanthamoeba was the dominant isolate. The detection of potentially pathogenic FLA from seawater may pose a threat to the public, while the presence of the same in dust spells threats to both hospital staff and patients, in particular, immunocompromised individuals. Public education, awareness, improved sanitation and hygiene, and the crafting of diagnostic strategies for the early detection of FLA in humans are necessary for the mitigation and management of potential human infection cases. HIGHLIGHTS Free-living amoebae (FLA) detected in environmental and infrastructure-derived samples.; Pathogenic genotypes of FLA detected in the Caspian Sea.; Pathogenic FLA detected in hospital wards for immunocompromised patients.; Pathogenic genotypes of FLA detected in hospital ward dust.; Hygiene and policies are necessary to protect humans against FLA infections.;
format	article
author	Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi Nozhat Zebardast Frederick R. Masangkay Panagiotis Karanis
author_facet	Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi Nozhat Zebardast Frederick R. Masangkay Panagiotis Karanis
author_sort	Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
title	Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran
title_short	Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran
title_full	Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran
title_fullStr	Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran
title_sort	detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the caspian sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in guilan, iran
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3590c17001504b4389104bd5039e0761
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Detection of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Caspian Sea and hospital ward dust of teaching hospitals in Guilan, Iran

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