Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites

Abstract The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has enabled mass changes and transports in the hydrosphere, cryosphere and oceans to be quantified with unprecedented resolution. However, while this legacy is currently being continued with the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission t...

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Autores principales:	H. Maja P. Richter, Christina Lück, Anna Klos, Michael G. Sideris, Elena Rangelova, Jürgen Kusche
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/35b3d9a7ddd741beb4936561f8413524
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:35b3d9a7ddd741beb4936561f84135242021-12-02T14:12:46ZReconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites10.1038/s41598-020-80752-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/35b3d9a7ddd741beb4936561f84135242021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80752-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has enabled mass changes and transports in the hydrosphere, cryosphere and oceans to be quantified with unprecedented resolution. However, while this legacy is currently being continued with the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission there is a gap of 11 months between the end of GRACE and the start of GRACE-FO which must be addressed. Here we bridge the gap by combining time-variable, low-resolution gravity models derived from European Space Agency’s Swarm satellites with the dominating spatial modes of mass variability obtained from GRACE. We show that the noise inherent in unconstrained Swarm gravity solutions is greatly reduced, that basin averages can have root mean square errors reduced to the order of $$\text {cm}$$ cm of equivalent water height, and that useful information can be retrieved for basins as small as $$1000 \times 1000\,\hbox {km}$$ 1000 × 1000 km . It is found that Swarm data contains sufficient information to inform the leading three global mass modes found in GRACE at the least. By comparing monthly reconstructed maps to GRACE data from December 2013 to June 2017, we suggest the uncertainty of these maps to be $$2{-}3\,\text {cm}$$ 2 - 3 cm of equivalent water height.H. Maja P. RichterChristina LückAnna KlosMichael G. SiderisElena RangelovaJürgen KuscheNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q H. Maja P. Richter Christina Lück Anna Klos Michael G. Sideris Elena Rangelova Jürgen Kusche Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
description	Abstract The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has enabled mass changes and transports in the hydrosphere, cryosphere and oceans to be quantified with unprecedented resolution. However, while this legacy is currently being continued with the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission there is a gap of 11 months between the end of GRACE and the start of GRACE-FO which must be addressed. Here we bridge the gap by combining time-variable, low-resolution gravity models derived from European Space Agency’s Swarm satellites with the dominating spatial modes of mass variability obtained from GRACE. We show that the noise inherent in unconstrained Swarm gravity solutions is greatly reduced, that basin averages can have root mean square errors reduced to the order of $$\text {cm}$$ cm of equivalent water height, and that useful information can be retrieved for basins as small as $$1000 \times 1000\,\hbox {km}$$ 1000 × 1000 km . It is found that Swarm data contains sufficient information to inform the leading three global mass modes found in GRACE at the least. By comparing monthly reconstructed maps to GRACE data from December 2013 to June 2017, we suggest the uncertainty of these maps to be $$2{-}3\,\text {cm}$$ 2 - 3 cm of equivalent water height.
format	article
author	H. Maja P. Richter Christina Lück Anna Klos Michael G. Sideris Elena Rangelova Jürgen Kusche
author_facet	H. Maja P. Richter Christina Lück Anna Klos Michael G. Sideris Elena Rangelova Jürgen Kusche
author_sort	H. Maja P. Richter
title	Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
title_short	Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
title_full	Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
title_fullStr	Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
title_full_unstemmed	Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
title_sort	reconstructing grace-type time-variable gravity from the swarm satellites
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/35b3d9a7ddd741beb4936561f8413524
work_keys_str_mv	AT hmajaprichter reconstructinggracetypetimevariablegravityfromtheswarmsatellites AT christinaluck reconstructinggracetypetimevariablegravityfromtheswarmsatellites AT annaklos reconstructinggracetypetimevariablegravityfromtheswarmsatellites AT michaelgsideris reconstructinggracetypetimevariablegravityfromtheswarmsatellites AT elenarangelova reconstructinggracetypetimevariablegravityfromtheswarmsatellites AT jurgenkusche reconstructinggracetypetimevariablegravityfromtheswarmsatellites
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Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites

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