Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain

To ensure good fertilization, it is necessary to know the optimum nutrient levels for each crop. The most common method for obtaining this information for almond trees is to perform a foliar analysis coupled with the use of interpretive tools such as the traditional range of normality. However, curr...

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Autores principales:	Mario Ferrández-Cámara, Juan José Martínez-Nicolás, Marina Alfosea-Simón, José María Cámara-Zapata, Pablo Melgarejo Moreno, Francisco García-Sánchez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	DRIS standards CND standards Ferraduel Ferragnes Garrigues Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/35cdebfa8c3949ceb19d5ccd473db5d1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:35cdebfa8c3949ceb19d5ccd473db5d12021-11-25T17:47:32ZEstimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain10.3390/horticulturae71104812311-7524https://doaj.org/article/35cdebfa8c3949ceb19d5ccd473db5d12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/481https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524To ensure good fertilization, it is necessary to know the optimum nutrient levels for each crop. The most common method for obtaining this information for almond trees is to perform a foliar analysis coupled with the use of interpretive tools such as the traditional range of normality. However, currently, there are other, more sophisticated methods such as the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) and the CND (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis) which take into account the relationship between nutrients. However, little information is available with respect to these methods in the case of almond trees. In the present work, 288 samples of three contrasting varieties of almond were analyzed—Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues (<i>Prunus dulcis</i>, Mill.)—corresponding to bi-weekly sampling between the months of May and September. Leaf analysis data, run with different mathematical and statistical models, lead to knowledge of the optimum period for harvesting samples and the determination of the ranges of normality and norms of DRIS and CND for the Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues varieties. Data gained from the leaf nutrient content reported that the best season to harvest and interpret leaf samples was July. In addition, Ferraduel and Ferragnes had higher N, P, and K (2.22, 0.14, and 1.04 mg Kg<sup>−1</sup> dw, respectively) than Garrigues (2.00, 0.09. 0.67 mg Kg<sup>−1</sup> dw). The norms obtained with the leaf mineral data showed similar values between the Ferraduel and Ferragnes varieties but different values for Garrigues variety. Therefore, Garriges had the highest N/P, N/K, P/K, and P × Mg norms in the DRIS method and the highest V<sub>N</sub> and V<sub>Ca</sub> norms in the CND method.Mario Ferrández-CámaraJuan José Martínez-NicolásMarina Alfosea-SimónJosé María Cámara-ZapataPablo Melgarejo MorenoFrancisco García-SánchezMDPI AGarticleDRIS standardsCND standardsFerraduelFerragnesGarriguesPlant cultureSB1-1110ENHorticulturae, Vol 7, Iss 481, p 481 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DRIS standards CND standards Ferraduel Ferragnes Garrigues Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	DRIS standards CND standards Ferraduel Ferragnes Garrigues Plant culture SB1-1110 Mario Ferrández-Cámara Juan José Martínez-Nicolás Marina Alfosea-Simón José María Cámara-Zapata Pablo Melgarejo Moreno Francisco García-Sánchez Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain
description	To ensure good fertilization, it is necessary to know the optimum nutrient levels for each crop. The most common method for obtaining this information for almond trees is to perform a foliar analysis coupled with the use of interpretive tools such as the traditional range of normality. However, currently, there are other, more sophisticated methods such as the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) and the CND (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis) which take into account the relationship between nutrients. However, little information is available with respect to these methods in the case of almond trees. In the present work, 288 samples of three contrasting varieties of almond were analyzed—Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues (<i>Prunus dulcis</i>, Mill.)—corresponding to bi-weekly sampling between the months of May and September. Leaf analysis data, run with different mathematical and statistical models, lead to knowledge of the optimum period for harvesting samples and the determination of the ranges of normality and norms of DRIS and CND for the Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues varieties. Data gained from the leaf nutrient content reported that the best season to harvest and interpret leaf samples was July. In addition, Ferraduel and Ferragnes had higher N, P, and K (2.22, 0.14, and 1.04 mg Kg<sup>−1</sup> dw, respectively) than Garrigues (2.00, 0.09. 0.67 mg Kg<sup>−1</sup> dw). The norms obtained with the leaf mineral data showed similar values between the Ferraduel and Ferragnes varieties but different values for Garrigues variety. Therefore, Garriges had the highest N/P, N/K, P/K, and P × Mg norms in the DRIS method and the highest V<sub>N</sub> and V<sub>Ca</sub> norms in the CND method.
format	article
author	Mario Ferrández-Cámara Juan José Martínez-Nicolás Marina Alfosea-Simón José María Cámara-Zapata Pablo Melgarejo Moreno Francisco García-Sánchez
author_facet	Mario Ferrández-Cámara Juan José Martínez-Nicolás Marina Alfosea-Simón José María Cámara-Zapata Pablo Melgarejo Moreno Francisco García-Sánchez
author_sort	Mario Ferrández-Cámara
title	Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain
title_short	Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain
title_full	Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain
title_fullStr	Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain
title_full_unstemmed	Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain
title_sort	estimation of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (dris), compositional nutrient diagnosis (cnd) and range of normality (rn) norms for mineral diagnosis of almonds trees in spain
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/35cdebfa8c3949ceb19d5ccd473db5d1
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Estimation of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Range of Normality (RN) Norms for Mineral Diagnosis of Almonds Trees in Spain

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