Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability

Abstract The effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) placed over the motor hotspot (thought to represent the primary motor cortex (M1)) to modulate motor network excitability is highly variable. The premotor cortex—particularly the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd)—may be a promis...

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Autores principales:	Stephanie Lefebvre, Kay Jann, Allie Schmiesing, Kaori Ito, Mayank Jog, Nicolas Schweighofer, Danny J. J. Wang, Sook-Lei Liew
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/35d13d933f76405db970a1d5107d8bda
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:35d13d933f76405db970a1d5107d8bda2021-12-02T15:07:53ZDifferences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability10.1038/s41598-019-53985-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/35d13d933f76405db970a1d5107d8bda2019-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53985-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) placed over the motor hotspot (thought to represent the primary motor cortex (M1)) to modulate motor network excitability is highly variable. The premotor cortex—particularly the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd)—may be a promising alternative target to reliably modulate motor excitability, as it influences motor control across multiple pathways, one independent of M1 and one with direct connections to M1. This double-blind, placebo-controlled preliminary study aimed to differentially excite motor and premotor regions using high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). HD-tDCS applied over either the motor hotspot or the premotor cortex demonstrated high inter-individual variability in changes on cortical motor excitability. However, HD-tDCS over the premotor cortex led to a higher number of responders and greater changes in local fMRI-based complexity than HD-tDCS over the motor hotspot. Furthermore, an analysis of individual motor hotspot anatomical locations revealed that, in more than half of the participants, the motor hotspot is not located over anatomical M1 boundaries, despite using a canonical definition of the motor hotspot. This heterogeneity in stimulation site may contribute to the variability of tDCS results. Altogether, these preliminary findings provide new considerations to enhance tDCS reliability.Stephanie LefebvreKay JannAllie SchmiesingKaori ItoMayank JogNicolas SchweighoferDanny J. J. WangSook-Lei LiewNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stephanie Lefebvre Kay Jann Allie Schmiesing Kaori Ito Mayank Jog Nicolas Schweighofer Danny J. J. Wang Sook-Lei Liew Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
description	Abstract The effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) placed over the motor hotspot (thought to represent the primary motor cortex (M1)) to modulate motor network excitability is highly variable. The premotor cortex—particularly the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd)—may be a promising alternative target to reliably modulate motor excitability, as it influences motor control across multiple pathways, one independent of M1 and one with direct connections to M1. This double-blind, placebo-controlled preliminary study aimed to differentially excite motor and premotor regions using high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). HD-tDCS applied over either the motor hotspot or the premotor cortex demonstrated high inter-individual variability in changes on cortical motor excitability. However, HD-tDCS over the premotor cortex led to a higher number of responders and greater changes in local fMRI-based complexity than HD-tDCS over the motor hotspot. Furthermore, an analysis of individual motor hotspot anatomical locations revealed that, in more than half of the participants, the motor hotspot is not located over anatomical M1 boundaries, despite using a canonical definition of the motor hotspot. This heterogeneity in stimulation site may contribute to the variability of tDCS results. Altogether, these preliminary findings provide new considerations to enhance tDCS reliability.
format	article
author	Stephanie Lefebvre Kay Jann Allie Schmiesing Kaori Ito Mayank Jog Nicolas Schweighofer Danny J. J. Wang Sook-Lei Liew
author_facet	Stephanie Lefebvre Kay Jann Allie Schmiesing Kaori Ito Mayank Jog Nicolas Schweighofer Danny J. J. Wang Sook-Lei Liew
author_sort	Stephanie Lefebvre
title	Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
title_short	Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
title_full	Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
title_fullStr	Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
title_full_unstemmed	Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
title_sort	differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/35d13d933f76405db970a1d5107d8bda
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Differences in high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor hotspot versus the premotor cortex on motor network excitability

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