The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders
Immunologic non-responders (INRs) are a subset of individuals living with HIV who have suboptimal blood CD4+ T cell recovery despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). They are at an increased risk of serious non-AIDS co-morbidities and death, and demonstrate enhanced systemic immune activation...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:35f7b33722804e73be5e65344d4488e12021-11-22T07:18:23ZThe Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders2296-861X10.3389/fnut.2021.736816https://doaj.org/article/35f7b33722804e73be5e65344d4488e12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.736816/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-861XImmunologic non-responders (INRs) are a subset of individuals living with HIV who have suboptimal blood CD4+ T cell recovery despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). They are at an increased risk of serious non-AIDS co-morbidities and death, and demonstrate enhanced systemic immune activation. In other populations diet has been correlated with markers of systemic inflammation through the Diet Inflammatory Index (DII), but this association has not been studied in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Blood was collected from 28 INR PLWH with a blood CD4+ T cell count <350/μL despite ≥2 years of effective ART. Participants completed a Canadian Diet History Questionnaire, and their responses were used to calculate the DII. Plasma inflammatory markers (IFNγ, TNF, IL-6, sVCAM, D-dimer, sCD14 and CRP) were assayed by ELISA, cellular immune activation (HLA-DR and CD38 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) was quantified using flow cytometry, and small bowel permeability assessed by calculation of the urine LacMan ratio after drinking a mix of lactulose and mannitol. Participants were a median age of 57 years, had been on effective ART for 15 years, and the median DII was −1.91 (range of −3.78 to +2.23). No correlation was observed between DII and plasma markers of inflammation, levels of T cell activation, gut permeability, or the biomarker of bacterial translocation sCD14. Self-reported alcohol intake, a potential confounder of the relationship between diet and inflammatory biomarkers, was also not associated with systemic inflammation or gut permeability. Our findings suggest that other mechanisms, rather than diet, are likely to be the major driver of systemic inflammation in INR individuals.Fat MalazoguRodney K. RousseauNitin ShivappaNitin ShivappaNitin ShivappaSanja HuibnerSharon L. WalmsleySharon L. WalmsleyColin M. KovacsColin M. KovacsErika BenkoRobert J. ReinhardRon RosenesJames R. HebertJames R. HebertJames R. HebertRupert KaulRupert KaulFrontiers Media S.A.articleHIV—human immunodeficiency virusDietary Inflammatory Indexinflammatory biomarkersimmune non-responderbacterial translocationNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENFrontiers in Nutrition, Vol 8 (2021) |
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EN |
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HIV—human immunodeficiency virus Dietary Inflammatory Index inflammatory biomarkers immune non-responder bacterial translocation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 |
| spellingShingle |
HIV—human immunodeficiency virus Dietary Inflammatory Index inflammatory biomarkers immune non-responder bacterial translocation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Fat Malazogu Rodney K. Rousseau Nitin Shivappa Nitin Shivappa Nitin Shivappa Sanja Huibner Sharon L. Walmsley Sharon L. Walmsley Colin M. Kovacs Colin M. Kovacs Erika Benko Robert J. Reinhard Ron Rosenes James R. Hebert James R. Hebert James R. Hebert Rupert Kaul Rupert Kaul The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders |
| description |
Immunologic non-responders (INRs) are a subset of individuals living with HIV who have suboptimal blood CD4+ T cell recovery despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). They are at an increased risk of serious non-AIDS co-morbidities and death, and demonstrate enhanced systemic immune activation. In other populations diet has been correlated with markers of systemic inflammation through the Diet Inflammatory Index (DII), but this association has not been studied in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Blood was collected from 28 INR PLWH with a blood CD4+ T cell count <350/μL despite ≥2 years of effective ART. Participants completed a Canadian Diet History Questionnaire, and their responses were used to calculate the DII. Plasma inflammatory markers (IFNγ, TNF, IL-6, sVCAM, D-dimer, sCD14 and CRP) were assayed by ELISA, cellular immune activation (HLA-DR and CD38 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) was quantified using flow cytometry, and small bowel permeability assessed by calculation of the urine LacMan ratio after drinking a mix of lactulose and mannitol. Participants were a median age of 57 years, had been on effective ART for 15 years, and the median DII was −1.91 (range of −3.78 to +2.23). No correlation was observed between DII and plasma markers of inflammation, levels of T cell activation, gut permeability, or the biomarker of bacterial translocation sCD14. Self-reported alcohol intake, a potential confounder of the relationship between diet and inflammatory biomarkers, was also not associated with systemic inflammation or gut permeability. Our findings suggest that other mechanisms, rather than diet, are likely to be the major driver of systemic inflammation in INR individuals. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fat Malazogu Rodney K. Rousseau Nitin Shivappa Nitin Shivappa Nitin Shivappa Sanja Huibner Sharon L. Walmsley Sharon L. Walmsley Colin M. Kovacs Colin M. Kovacs Erika Benko Robert J. Reinhard Ron Rosenes James R. Hebert James R. Hebert James R. Hebert Rupert Kaul Rupert Kaul |
| author_facet |
Fat Malazogu Rodney K. Rousseau Nitin Shivappa Nitin Shivappa Nitin Shivappa Sanja Huibner Sharon L. Walmsley Sharon L. Walmsley Colin M. Kovacs Colin M. Kovacs Erika Benko Robert J. Reinhard Ron Rosenes James R. Hebert James R. Hebert James R. Hebert Rupert Kaul Rupert Kaul |
| author_sort |
Fat Malazogu |
| title |
The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders |
| title_short |
The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders |
| title_full |
The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders |
| title_fullStr |
The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Not Associated With Gut Permeability or Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in HIV Immunologic Non-responders |
| title_sort |
dietary inflammatory index is not associated with gut permeability or biomarkers of systemic inflammation in hiv immunologic non-responders |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/35f7b33722804e73be5e65344d4488e1 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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