Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction

Abstract Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS) is a novel method of electrostimulation which enables the recording of electrophysiological signals during stimulation, thanks to an easier removable stimulation artefact compared to classical electrostimulation meth...

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Autores principales:	Carsten Thiele, Tino Zaehle, Aiden Haghikia, Philipp Ruhnau
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/361776ab147448399b1219819bf6dccc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:361776ab147448399b1219819bf6dccc2021-11-21T12:16:59ZAmplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction10.1038/s41598-021-01482-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/361776ab147448399b1219819bf6dccc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01482-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS) is a novel method of electrostimulation which enables the recording of electrophysiological signals during stimulation, thanks to an easier removable stimulation artefact compared to classical electrostimulation methods. To gauge the neuromodulatory potential of AM-tACS, we tested its capacity to induce phosphenes as an indicator of stimulation efficacy. AM-tACS was applied via a two-electrode setup, attached on FpZ and below the right eye. AM-tACS waveforms comprised of different carrier (50 Hz, 200 Hz, 1000 Hz) and modulation frequencies (8 Hz, 16 Hz, 28 Hz) were administered with at maximum 2 mA peak-to-peak stimulation strength. TACS conditions in the same frequencies were used as a benchmark for phosphene induction. AM-tACS conditions using a 50 Hz carrier frequency were able to induce phosphenes, but with no difference in phosphene thresholds between modulation frequencies. AM-tACS using a 200 Hz or 1000 Hz carrier frequency did not induce phosphenes. TACS conditions induced phosphenes in line with previous studies. Stimulation effects of AM-tACS conditions were independent of amplitude modulation and instead relied solely on the carrier frequency. A possible explanation may be that AM-tACS needs higher stimulation intensities for its amplitude modulation to have a neuromodulatory effect.Carsten ThieleTino ZaehleAiden HaghikiaPhilipp RuhnauNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carsten Thiele Tino Zaehle Aiden Haghikia Philipp Ruhnau Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
description	Abstract Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS) is a novel method of electrostimulation which enables the recording of electrophysiological signals during stimulation, thanks to an easier removable stimulation artefact compared to classical electrostimulation methods. To gauge the neuromodulatory potential of AM-tACS, we tested its capacity to induce phosphenes as an indicator of stimulation efficacy. AM-tACS was applied via a two-electrode setup, attached on FpZ and below the right eye. AM-tACS waveforms comprised of different carrier (50 Hz, 200 Hz, 1000 Hz) and modulation frequencies (8 Hz, 16 Hz, 28 Hz) were administered with at maximum 2 mA peak-to-peak stimulation strength. TACS conditions in the same frequencies were used as a benchmark for phosphene induction. AM-tACS conditions using a 50 Hz carrier frequency were able to induce phosphenes, but with no difference in phosphene thresholds between modulation frequencies. AM-tACS using a 200 Hz or 1000 Hz carrier frequency did not induce phosphenes. TACS conditions induced phosphenes in line with previous studies. Stimulation effects of AM-tACS conditions were independent of amplitude modulation and instead relied solely on the carrier frequency. A possible explanation may be that AM-tACS needs higher stimulation intensities for its amplitude modulation to have a neuromodulatory effect.
format	article
author	Carsten Thiele Tino Zaehle Aiden Haghikia Philipp Ruhnau
author_facet	Carsten Thiele Tino Zaehle Aiden Haghikia Philipp Ruhnau
author_sort	Carsten Thiele
title	Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
title_short	Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
title_full	Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
title_fullStr	Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
title_full_unstemmed	Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
title_sort	amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (am-tacs) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/361776ab147448399b1219819bf6dccc
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Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-TACS) efficacy evaluation via phosphene induction

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