N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators

The molecule N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine (TPD) has been widely used in optoelectronic applications, mainly for its hole-transporting properties, but also for its capability to emit blue light and amplified spontaneous emission, which is impor...

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Autores principales:	Víctor Bonal, José A. Quintana, José M. Villalvilla, Pedro G. Boj, Rafael Muñoz-Mármol, Jose C. Mira-Martínez, María A. Díaz-García
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polymer films organic distributed feedback laser laser threshold photostability Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/364bf2d2bb704c91b7f6c9fe092b0664
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:364bf2d2bb704c91b7f6c9fe092b06642021-11-11T18:48:48Z<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators10.3390/polym132138432073-4360https://doaj.org/article/364bf2d2bb704c91b7f6c9fe092b06642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3843https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360The molecule <i>N,N′</i>-bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine (TPD) has been widely used in optoelectronic applications, mainly for its hole-transporting properties, but also for its capability to emit blue light and amplified spontaneous emission, which is important for the development of organic lasers. Here, we report deep-blue-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on TPD dispersed in polystyrene (PS), as active media, and dichromated gelatin layers with holographically engraved relief gratings, as laser resonators. The effect of the device architecture (with the resonator located below or on top of the active layer) is investigated with a dye (TPD) that can be doped into PS at higher rates (up to 60 wt%), than with previously used dyes (<5 wt%). This has enabled changing the index contrast between film and resonator, which has an important effect on the laser performance. With regards to thresholds, both architectures behave similarly for TPD concentrations above 20 wt%, while for lower concentrations, top-layer resonator devices show lower values (around half). Remarkably, the operational durability of top-layer resonator devices is larger (in a factor of around 2), independently of the TPD concentration. This is a consequence of the protection offered by the resonator against dye photo-oxidation when the device is illuminated with pulsed UV light.Víctor BonalJosé A. QuintanaJosé M. VillalvillaPedro G. BojRafael Muñoz-MármolJose C. Mira-MartínezMaría A. Díaz-GarcíaMDPI AGarticlepolymer filmsorganic distributed feedback laserlaser thresholdphotostabilityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3843, p 3843 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polymer films organic distributed feedback laser laser threshold photostability Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	polymer films organic distributed feedback laser laser threshold photostability Organic chemistry QD241-441 Víctor Bonal José A. Quintana José M. Villalvilla Pedro G. Boj Rafael Muñoz-Mármol Jose C. Mira-Martínez María A. Díaz-García <i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
description	The molecule <i>N,N′</i>-bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine (TPD) has been widely used in optoelectronic applications, mainly for its hole-transporting properties, but also for its capability to emit blue light and amplified spontaneous emission, which is important for the development of organic lasers. Here, we report deep-blue-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on TPD dispersed in polystyrene (PS), as active media, and dichromated gelatin layers with holographically engraved relief gratings, as laser resonators. The effect of the device architecture (with the resonator located below or on top of the active layer) is investigated with a dye (TPD) that can be doped into PS at higher rates (up to 60 wt%), than with previously used dyes (<5 wt%). This has enabled changing the index contrast between film and resonator, which has an important effect on the laser performance. With regards to thresholds, both architectures behave similarly for TPD concentrations above 20 wt%, while for lower concentrations, top-layer resonator devices show lower values (around half). Remarkably, the operational durability of top-layer resonator devices is larger (in a factor of around 2), independently of the TPD concentration. This is a consequence of the protection offered by the resonator against dye photo-oxidation when the device is illuminated with pulsed UV light.
format	article
author	Víctor Bonal José A. Quintana José M. Villalvilla Pedro G. Boj Rafael Muñoz-Mármol Jose C. Mira-Martínez María A. Díaz-García
author_facet	Víctor Bonal José A. Quintana José M. Villalvilla Pedro G. Boj Rafael Muñoz-Mármol Jose C. Mira-Martínez María A. Díaz-García
author_sort	Víctor Bonal
title	<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_short	<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_full	<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_fullStr	<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_full_unstemmed	<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_sort	<i>n,n′</i>-bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>n,n′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine based distributed feedback lasers with holographically fabricated polymeric resonators
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/364bf2d2bb704c91b7f6c9fe092b0664
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<i>N,N′</i>-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N,N′</i>-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators

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