Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic immune cell aggregations that develop in peripheral tissues in response to a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions, including infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the structures of TLSs, including B-ce...

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Autores principales:	Hua Zhao, Hao Wang, Qiuru Zhou, Xiubao Ren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	China Anti-Cancer Association 2021
Materias:	tertiary lymphoid structure tumor microenvironment immunotherapy b cells t cells Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/367b886da96942ec978dc5a13ed69d87
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:367b886da96942ec978dc5a13ed69d872021-11-30T11:27:44ZInsights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies2095-394110.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0029https://doaj.org/article/367b886da96942ec978dc5a13ed69d872021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/1979https://doaj.org/toc/2095-3941Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic immune cell aggregations that develop in peripheral tissues in response to a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions, including infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the structures of TLSs, including B-cell- and T-cell-enriched areas indicate that the TLSs might be the local site during the initiation and maintenance of humoral and cellular immune responses against cancers. Numerous studies have evaluated the expression of TLSs in different cancer patients and their association with prognoses of cancer patients. It was shown that well-developed TLSs characterized by mature B cells synthesized tumor specific antibodies, which were considered as specific markers for a good prognosis. However, there are still some immunosuppressive factors existing in the TLSs that may affect anti-tumor responses. These factors include dysfunctional B cells, regulatory T cells, and T follicular regulatory cells. The complexity and heterogeneity of the TLS composition may affect the function and activity of TLSs; it is therefore essential to fully understand the function and influencing factors in TLSs. It has been reported that checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines are currently being developed to reprogram the TME by establishing mature TLSs to improve cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we focused on recent advances in TLSs in human solid tumors, including structural characteristics and classes, antitumor mechanisms, immunosuppressive factors, and TLS-based therapeutic approaches.Hua ZhaoHao WangQiuru ZhouXiubao RenChina Anti-Cancer Associationarticletertiary lymphoid structuretumor microenvironmentimmunotherapyb cellst cellsNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancer Biology & Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 4, Pp 981-991 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tertiary lymphoid structure tumor microenvironment immunotherapy b cells t cells Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	tertiary lymphoid structure tumor microenvironment immunotherapy b cells t cells Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Hua Zhao Hao Wang Qiuru Zhou Xiubao Ren Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
description	Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic immune cell aggregations that develop in peripheral tissues in response to a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions, including infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the structures of TLSs, including B-cell- and T-cell-enriched areas indicate that the TLSs might be the local site during the initiation and maintenance of humoral and cellular immune responses against cancers. Numerous studies have evaluated the expression of TLSs in different cancer patients and their association with prognoses of cancer patients. It was shown that well-developed TLSs characterized by mature B cells synthesized tumor specific antibodies, which were considered as specific markers for a good prognosis. However, there are still some immunosuppressive factors existing in the TLSs that may affect anti-tumor responses. These factors include dysfunctional B cells, regulatory T cells, and T follicular regulatory cells. The complexity and heterogeneity of the TLS composition may affect the function and activity of TLSs; it is therefore essential to fully understand the function and influencing factors in TLSs. It has been reported that checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines are currently being developed to reprogram the TME by establishing mature TLSs to improve cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we focused on recent advances in TLSs in human solid tumors, including structural characteristics and classes, antitumor mechanisms, immunosuppressive factors, and TLS-based therapeutic approaches.
format	article
author	Hua Zhao Hao Wang Qiuru Zhou Xiubao Ren
author_facet	Hua Zhao Hao Wang Qiuru Zhou Xiubao Ren
author_sort	Hua Zhao
title	Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
title_short	Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
title_full	Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
title_fullStr	Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
title_sort	insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies
publisher	China Anti-Cancer Association
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/367b886da96942ec978dc5a13ed69d87
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Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies

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