Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.

Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing di...

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Autores principales:	Samar Husain, Shravan Vasishth, Narayanan Srinivasan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/368d772ffbab46849700af679d9efc29
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:368d772ffbab46849700af679d9efc292021-11-25T06:08:54ZStrong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0100986https://doaj.org/article/368d772ffbab46849700af679d9efc292014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25010700/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech "verb" is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge.Samar HusainShravan VasishthNarayanan SrinivasanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e100986 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Samar Husain Shravan Vasishth Narayanan Srinivasan Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
description	Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech "verb" is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge.
format	article
author	Samar Husain Shravan Vasishth Narayanan Srinivasan
author_facet	Samar Husain Shravan Vasishth Narayanan Srinivasan
author_sort	Samar Husain
title	Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
title_short	Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
title_full	Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
title_fullStr	Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
title_full_unstemmed	Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
title_sort	strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from hindi.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/368d772ffbab46849700af679d9efc29
work_keys_str_mv	AT samarhusain strongexpectationscancellocalityeffectsevidencefromhindi AT shravanvasishth strongexpectationscancellocalityeffectsevidencefromhindi AT narayanansrinivasan strongexpectationscancellocalityeffectsevidencefromhindi
_version_	1718414094379253760

Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.

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