Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations

Abstract Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) of pelvic floor muscles is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The pathological mechanisms and treatments of MFPP are complex and still unclear until now. The levator ani muscle (LAM) is the major pelvic floor muscle. The purpose of this study was to e...

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Autores principales:	Hung-Yen Chin, Chih-Wei Peng, Ming-Ping Wu, Chih-Hwa Chen, Yu-Ting Feng, Tsorng-Harn Fong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/36ae631776e048839be22270685f3ac6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:36ae631776e048839be22270685f3ac62021-12-02T14:49:26ZAttachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations10.1038/s41598-021-89041-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/36ae631776e048839be22270685f3ac62021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89041-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) of pelvic floor muscles is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The pathological mechanisms and treatments of MFPP are complex and still unclear until now. The levator ani muscle (LAM) is the major pelvic floor muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine the fascia and attachment of LAM through the electromyogram (EMG) and cadaver dissection. Electrophysiological stimulation of the obturator fascia above the arcus tendinous levator ani (ATLA) could trigger contraction and electrophysiological changes in LAM insertion. The LAM of embalmed adult cadavers was examined especially in the area above the ATLA. Some skeletal muscle fibers were found above the ATLA within the obturator fascia and were confirmed by Masson’s trichrome section staining. Our electromyography (EMG) and anatomical data implied that the attachment of LAM aponeurosis extended beyond ATLA to the inferior border of the superior ramus of the pubic bone. The new discovered attachment of LAM could provide a reference position for clinical diagnosis and treatment of MFPP or CPP.Hung-Yen ChinChih-Wei PengMing-Ping WuChih-Hwa ChenYu-Ting FengTsorng-Harn FongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hung-Yen Chin Chih-Wei Peng Ming-Ping Wu Chih-Hwa Chen Yu-Ting Feng Tsorng-Harn Fong Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
description	Abstract Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) of pelvic floor muscles is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The pathological mechanisms and treatments of MFPP are complex and still unclear until now. The levator ani muscle (LAM) is the major pelvic floor muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine the fascia and attachment of LAM through the electromyogram (EMG) and cadaver dissection. Electrophysiological stimulation of the obturator fascia above the arcus tendinous levator ani (ATLA) could trigger contraction and electrophysiological changes in LAM insertion. The LAM of embalmed adult cadavers was examined especially in the area above the ATLA. Some skeletal muscle fibers were found above the ATLA within the obturator fascia and were confirmed by Masson’s trichrome section staining. Our electromyography (EMG) and anatomical data implied that the attachment of LAM aponeurosis extended beyond ATLA to the inferior border of the superior ramus of the pubic bone. The new discovered attachment of LAM could provide a reference position for clinical diagnosis and treatment of MFPP or CPP.
format	article
author	Hung-Yen Chin Chih-Wei Peng Ming-Ping Wu Chih-Hwa Chen Yu-Ting Feng Tsorng-Harn Fong
author_facet	Hung-Yen Chin Chih-Wei Peng Ming-Ping Wu Chih-Hwa Chen Yu-Ting Feng Tsorng-Harn Fong
author_sort	Hung-Yen Chin
title	Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
title_short	Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
title_full	Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
title_fullStr	Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
title_full_unstemmed	Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
title_sort	attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/36ae631776e048839be22270685f3ac6
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Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations

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