Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years

Mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystems are a representative traditional eco-agriculture in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Investigations about the changes in the systems and their relevant water environments under the background of rapid urbanization can provide valuable informati...

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Autores principales:	Wenxin Zhang, Zihao Cheng, Junliang Qiu, Edward Park, Lishan Ran, Xuetong Xie, Xiankun Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystem spatial evolution analysis remote sensing Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/36b6dfc76a8a4559a0502ad1ed37daf4
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:36b6dfc76a8a4559a0502ad1ed37daf4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:36b6dfc76a8a4559a0502ad1ed37daf42021-11-11T19:52:37ZSpatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years10.3390/w132129532073-4441https://doaj.org/article/36b6dfc76a8a4559a0502ad1ed37daf42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2953https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystems are a representative traditional eco-agriculture in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Investigations about the changes in the systems and their relevant water environments under the background of rapid urbanization can provide valuable information to formulate sustainable protection and development strategies. Using the Landsat images obtained after 1986, this study combined supervised classification and visual interpretation approaches, as well as water intensity index and synthesized index to identify the spatial patterns of changes in the ponds in the GBA over the past 40 years. The results indicated that during the period 1986–2013, the total surface area of the ponds in the GBA increased significantly and peaked in 2013 with a total increase of 84.63%; After that, the total surface area showed a downward trend with a total decrease of approximately 31.34%. The year of 2013 was identified as the milestone of the changes. The results proved that human activities have continuously influenced the spatial distribution and size of fish ponds in the past 40 years. The fish ponds had transformed from near-natural ponds with different sizes and a near-natural random distribution in the early stage into an artificial distribution and an artificial shape. Land use changes, industrial transfer, Government guidance and financial motives were the major drivers to the changes. If no effective measures are taken, this shrinking trend in the ponds will remain in the future.Wenxin ZhangZihao ChengJunliang QiuEdward ParkLishan RanXuetong XieXiankun YangMDPI AGarticlemulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystemspatial evolution analysisremote sensingGuangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay AreaHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 2953, p 2953 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystem spatial evolution analysis remote sensing Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystem spatial evolution analysis remote sensing Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Wenxin Zhang Zihao Cheng Junliang Qiu Edward Park Lishan Ran Xuetong Xie Xiankun Yang Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
description	Mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystems are a representative traditional eco-agriculture in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Investigations about the changes in the systems and their relevant water environments under the background of rapid urbanization can provide valuable information to formulate sustainable protection and development strategies. Using the Landsat images obtained after 1986, this study combined supervised classification and visual interpretation approaches, as well as water intensity index and synthesized index to identify the spatial patterns of changes in the ponds in the GBA over the past 40 years. The results indicated that during the period 1986–2013, the total surface area of the ponds in the GBA increased significantly and peaked in 2013 with a total increase of 84.63%; After that, the total surface area showed a downward trend with a total decrease of approximately 31.34%. The year of 2013 was identified as the milestone of the changes. The results proved that human activities have continuously influenced the spatial distribution and size of fish ponds in the past 40 years. The fish ponds had transformed from near-natural ponds with different sizes and a near-natural random distribution in the early stage into an artificial distribution and an artificial shape. Land use changes, industrial transfer, Government guidance and financial motives were the major drivers to the changes. If no effective measures are taken, this shrinking trend in the ponds will remain in the future.
format	article
author	Wenxin Zhang Zihao Cheng Junliang Qiu Edward Park Lishan Ran Xuetong Xie Xiankun Yang
author_facet	Wenxin Zhang Zihao Cheng Junliang Qiu Edward Park Lishan Ran Xuetong Xie Xiankun Yang
author_sort	Wenxin Zhang
title	Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
title_short	Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
title_full	Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
title_fullStr	Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
title_full_unstemmed	Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
title_sort	spatiotemporal changes in mulberry-dyke-fish ponds in the guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area over the past 40 years
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/36b6dfc76a8a4559a0502ad1ed37daf4
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Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years

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