A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that measures should be taken to improve the quality of water bodies to prevent further required extension of current (drinking) water treatment. Hence, for water managers it is of key importance to evaluate and report on the quality of water and t...

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Autores principales:	T. E. Pronk, R. C. H. M. Hofman-Caris, D. Vries, S. A. E. Kools, T. L. ter Laak, G. J. Stroomberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	micropollutants purification treatment water framework directive water quality index Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/36ea6f921d794402b4f209f8e8d8e646
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:36ea6f921d794402b4f209f8e8d8e646
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:36ea6f921d794402b4f209f8e8d8e6462021-11-06T07:05:27ZA water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants1606-97491607-079810.2166/ws.2020.289https://doaj.org/article/36ea6f921d794402b4f209f8e8d8e6462021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ws.iwaponline.com/content/21/1/128https://doaj.org/toc/1606-9749https://doaj.org/toc/1607-0798The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that measures should be taken to improve the quality of water bodies to prevent further required extension of current (drinking) water treatment. Hence, for water managers it is of key importance to evaluate and report on the quality of water and the level of purification treatment that is required. For this purpose a novel framework of indices is defined, and their definition allows the inclusion of new, emerging substances. The indices can be calculated based on micropollutant characteristics alone and do not require any knowledge of specific purification treatment installations. Applying this framework of indices to water bodies provides an objective and reproducible way of evaluating the required purification treatment level. The indices were calculated for water quality data for up to 600 micropollutants from five sampling locations along the river Rhine in the Netherlands. This revealed differences between the sampling sites (index values ranged from 145 to 273) and showed that for the river Rhine the required purification treatment level, as well as the underlying removal requirement and purification treatment effort, have not improved over the years, despite the introduction of the WFD in 2000.T. E. PronkR. C. H. M. Hofman-CarisD. VriesS. A. E. KoolsT. L. ter LaakG. J. StroombergIWA Publishingarticlemicropollutantspurification treatmentwater framework directivewater quality indexWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506ENWater Supply, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 128-145 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	micropollutants purification treatment water framework directive water quality index Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
spellingShingle	micropollutants purification treatment water framework directive water quality index Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 T. E. Pronk R. C. H. M. Hofman-Caris D. Vries S. A. E. Kools T. L. ter Laak G. J. Stroomberg A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
description	The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that measures should be taken to improve the quality of water bodies to prevent further required extension of current (drinking) water treatment. Hence, for water managers it is of key importance to evaluate and report on the quality of water and the level of purification treatment that is required. For this purpose a novel framework of indices is defined, and their definition allows the inclusion of new, emerging substances. The indices can be calculated based on micropollutant characteristics alone and do not require any knowledge of specific purification treatment installations. Applying this framework of indices to water bodies provides an objective and reproducible way of evaluating the required purification treatment level. The indices were calculated for water quality data for up to 600 micropollutants from five sampling locations along the river Rhine in the Netherlands. This revealed differences between the sampling sites (index values ranged from 145 to 273) and showed that for the river Rhine the required purification treatment level, as well as the underlying removal requirement and purification treatment effort, have not improved over the years, despite the introduction of the WFD in 2000.
format	article
author	T. E. Pronk R. C. H. M. Hofman-Caris D. Vries S. A. E. Kools T. L. ter Laak G. J. Stroomberg
author_facet	T. E. Pronk R. C. H. M. Hofman-Caris D. Vries S. A. E. Kools T. L. ter Laak G. J. Stroomberg
author_sort	T. E. Pronk
title	A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
title_short	A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
title_full	A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
title_fullStr	A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
title_full_unstemmed	A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
title_sort	water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/36ea6f921d794402b4f209f8e8d8e646
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A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants

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