Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides

Innate immunity is the ultimate line of defense against invading pathogens in insects. Unlike in the mammalian model, in the insect model, invading pathogens are recognized by extracellular receptors, which activate the Toll signaling pathway through an extracellular serine protease cascade. In the...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Young Min Bae, Yong Hun Jo, Bharat Bhusan Patnaik, Bo Bae Kim, Ki Beom Park, Tariku Tesfaye Edosa, Maryam Keshavarz, Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Yong Seok Lee, Yeon Soo Han
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	T. molitor spätzle innate immunity antimicrobial peptides RNA interference Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/36ecaaafdde54ffe93633d286212df38
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:36ecaaafdde54ffe93633d286212df38
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:36ecaaafdde54ffe93633d286212df382021-11-18T08:35:12ZTenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.758859https://doaj.org/article/36ecaaafdde54ffe93633d286212df382021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.758859/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XInnate immunity is the ultimate line of defense against invading pathogens in insects. Unlike in the mammalian model, in the insect model, invading pathogens are recognized by extracellular receptors, which activate the Toll signaling pathway through an extracellular serine protease cascade. In the Toll-NF-κB pathway, the extracellular spätzle protein acts as a downstream ligand for Toll receptors in insects. In this study, we identified a novel Spätzle isoform (TmSpz1b) from RNA sequencing database of Tenebrio molitor. TmSpz1b was bioinformatically analyzed, and functionally characterized for the antimicrobial function by RNA interference (RNAi). The 702 bp open reading frame of TmSpz1b encoded a putative protein of 233 amino acid residues. A conserved cystine-knot domain with seven cysteine residues in TmSpz1b was involved in three disulfide bridges and the formation of a spätzle dimer. TmSpz1b was mostly expressed in the hemocytes of T. molitor late instar larvae. The mRNA expression of TmSpz1b was highly induced in the hemocytes after Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans stimulation of T. molitor larvae. TmSpz1b silenced larvae were significantly more susceptible to E. coli infection. In addition, RNAi-based functional assay characterized TmSpz1b to be involved in the positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes in hemocytes and fat bodies. Further, the TmDorX2 transcripts were downregulated in TmSpz1b silenced individuals upon E. coli challenge suggesting the relationship to Toll signaling pathway. These results indicate that TmSpz1b is involved in the T. molitor innate immunity, causes the sequestration of Gram-negative bacteria by the regulatory action of antimicrobial peptides, and enhances the survival of T. molitor larvae.Young Min BaeYong Hun JoBharat Bhusan PatnaikBo Bae KimKi Beom ParkTariku Tesfaye EdosaTariku Tesfaye EdosaMaryam KeshavarzMaryam KeshavarzMaryam Ali Mohammadie KojourYong Seok LeeYeon Soo HanFrontiers Media S.A.articleT. molitorspätzleinnate immunityantimicrobial peptidesRNA interferencePhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	T. molitor spätzle innate immunity antimicrobial peptides RNA interference Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	T. molitor spätzle innate immunity antimicrobial peptides RNA interference Physiology QP1-981 Young Min Bae Yong Hun Jo Bharat Bhusan Patnaik Bo Bae Kim Ki Beom Park Tariku Tesfaye Edosa Tariku Tesfaye Edosa Maryam Keshavarz Maryam Keshavarz Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour Yong Seok Lee Yeon Soo Han Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides
description	Innate immunity is the ultimate line of defense against invading pathogens in insects. Unlike in the mammalian model, in the insect model, invading pathogens are recognized by extracellular receptors, which activate the Toll signaling pathway through an extracellular serine protease cascade. In the Toll-NF-κB pathway, the extracellular spätzle protein acts as a downstream ligand for Toll receptors in insects. In this study, we identified a novel Spätzle isoform (TmSpz1b) from RNA sequencing database of Tenebrio molitor. TmSpz1b was bioinformatically analyzed, and functionally characterized for the antimicrobial function by RNA interference (RNAi). The 702 bp open reading frame of TmSpz1b encoded a putative protein of 233 amino acid residues. A conserved cystine-knot domain with seven cysteine residues in TmSpz1b was involved in three disulfide bridges and the formation of a spätzle dimer. TmSpz1b was mostly expressed in the hemocytes of T. molitor late instar larvae. The mRNA expression of TmSpz1b was highly induced in the hemocytes after Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans stimulation of T. molitor larvae. TmSpz1b silenced larvae were significantly more susceptible to E. coli infection. In addition, RNAi-based functional assay characterized TmSpz1b to be involved in the positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes in hemocytes and fat bodies. Further, the TmDorX2 transcripts were downregulated in TmSpz1b silenced individuals upon E. coli challenge suggesting the relationship to Toll signaling pathway. These results indicate that TmSpz1b is involved in the T. molitor innate immunity, causes the sequestration of Gram-negative bacteria by the regulatory action of antimicrobial peptides, and enhances the survival of T. molitor larvae.
format	article
author	Young Min Bae Yong Hun Jo Bharat Bhusan Patnaik Bo Bae Kim Ki Beom Park Tariku Tesfaye Edosa Tariku Tesfaye Edosa Maryam Keshavarz Maryam Keshavarz Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour Yong Seok Lee Yeon Soo Han
author_facet	Young Min Bae Yong Hun Jo Bharat Bhusan Patnaik Bo Bae Kim Ki Beom Park Tariku Tesfaye Edosa Tariku Tesfaye Edosa Maryam Keshavarz Maryam Keshavarz Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour Yong Seok Lee Yeon Soo Han
author_sort	Young Min Bae
title	Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides
title_short	Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides
title_full	Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides
title_fullStr	Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides
title_full_unstemmed	Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides
title_sort	tenebrio molitor spätzle 1b is required to confer antibacterial defense against gram-negative bacteria by regulation of antimicrobial peptides
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/36ecaaafdde54ffe93633d286212df38
work_keys_str_mv	AT youngminbae tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT yonghunjo tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT bharatbhusanpatnaik tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT bobaekim tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT kibeompark tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT tarikutesfayeedosa tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT tarikutesfayeedosa tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT maryamkeshavarz tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT maryamkeshavarz tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT maryamalimohammadiekojour tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT yongseoklee tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides AT yeonsoohan tenebriomolitorspatzle1bisrequiredtoconferantibacterialdefenseagainstgramnegativebacteriabyregulationofantimicrobialpeptides
_version_	1718421553427775488

Tenebrio molitor Spätzle 1b Is Required to Confer Antibacterial Defense Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides

Ejemplares similares