Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping

Abstract The ability to form, retrieve and update autobiographical memories is one of the most fascinating features of human behavior. Spatial memory, the ability to remember the layout of the external environment and to navigate within its boundaries, is closely related to the autobiographical memo...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Edyta Balcerek, Urszula Włodkowska, Rafał Czajkowski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Immediate early genes c-Fos Arc Homer Retrosplenial cortex Spatial memory Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/370336c853f241a19b268e11e9bcb7ec
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:370336c853f241a19b268e11e9bcb7ec
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:370336c853f241a19b268e11e9bcb7ec2021-12-05T12:25:30ZRetrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping10.1186/s13041-021-00880-w1756-6606https://doaj.org/article/370336c853f241a19b268e11e9bcb7ec2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00880-whttps://doaj.org/toc/1756-6606Abstract The ability to form, retrieve and update autobiographical memories is one of the most fascinating features of human behavior. Spatial memory, the ability to remember the layout of the external environment and to navigate within its boundaries, is closely related to the autobiographical memory domain. It is served by an overlapping brain circuit, centered around the hippocampus (HPC) where the cognitive map index is stored. Apart from the hippocampus, several cortical structures participate in this process. Their relative contribution is a subject of intense research in both humans and animal models. One of the most widely studied regions is the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), an area in the parietal lobe densely interconnected with the hippocampal formation. Several methodological approaches have been established over decades in order to investigate the cortical aspects of memory. One of the most successful techniques is based on the analysis of brain expression patterns of the immediate early genes (IEGs). The common feature of this diverse group of genes is fast upregulation of their mRNA translation upon physiologically relevant stimulus. In the central nervous system they are rapidly triggered by neuronal activity and plasticity during learning. There is a widely accepted consensus that their expression level corresponds to the engagement of individual neurons in the formation of memory trace. Imaging of the IEGs might therefore provide a picture of an emerging memory engram. In this review we present the overview of IEG mapping studies of retrosplenial cortex in rodent models. We begin with classical techniques, immunohistochemical detection of protein and fluorescent in situ hybridization of mRNA. We then proceed to advanced methods where fluorescent genetically encoded IEG reporters are chronically followed in vivo during memory formation. We end with a combination of genetic IEG labelling and optogenetic approach, where the activity of the entire engram is manipulated. We finally present a hypothesis that attempts to unify our current state of knowledge about the function of RSC.Edyta BalcerekUrszula WłodkowskaRafał CzajkowskiBMCarticleImmediate early genesc-FosArcHomerRetrosplenial cortexSpatial memoryNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENMolecular Brain, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immediate early genes c-Fos Arc Homer Retrosplenial cortex Spatial memory Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Immediate early genes c-Fos Arc Homer Retrosplenial cortex Spatial memory Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Edyta Balcerek Urszula Włodkowska Rafał Czajkowski Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
description	Abstract The ability to form, retrieve and update autobiographical memories is one of the most fascinating features of human behavior. Spatial memory, the ability to remember the layout of the external environment and to navigate within its boundaries, is closely related to the autobiographical memory domain. It is served by an overlapping brain circuit, centered around the hippocampus (HPC) where the cognitive map index is stored. Apart from the hippocampus, several cortical structures participate in this process. Their relative contribution is a subject of intense research in both humans and animal models. One of the most widely studied regions is the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), an area in the parietal lobe densely interconnected with the hippocampal formation. Several methodological approaches have been established over decades in order to investigate the cortical aspects of memory. One of the most successful techniques is based on the analysis of brain expression patterns of the immediate early genes (IEGs). The common feature of this diverse group of genes is fast upregulation of their mRNA translation upon physiologically relevant stimulus. In the central nervous system they are rapidly triggered by neuronal activity and plasticity during learning. There is a widely accepted consensus that their expression level corresponds to the engagement of individual neurons in the formation of memory trace. Imaging of the IEGs might therefore provide a picture of an emerging memory engram. In this review we present the overview of IEG mapping studies of retrosplenial cortex in rodent models. We begin with classical techniques, immunohistochemical detection of protein and fluorescent in situ hybridization of mRNA. We then proceed to advanced methods where fluorescent genetically encoded IEG reporters are chronically followed in vivo during memory formation. We end with a combination of genetic IEG labelling and optogenetic approach, where the activity of the entire engram is manipulated. We finally present a hypothesis that attempts to unify our current state of knowledge about the function of RSC.
format	article
author	Edyta Balcerek Urszula Włodkowska Rafał Czajkowski
author_facet	Edyta Balcerek Urszula Włodkowska Rafał Czajkowski
author_sort	Edyta Balcerek
title	Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
title_short	Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
title_full	Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
title_fullStr	Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
title_full_unstemmed	Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
title_sort	retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/370336c853f241a19b268e11e9bcb7ec
work_keys_str_mv	AT edytabalcerek retrosplenialcortexinspatialmemoryfocusonimmediateearlygenesmapping AT urszulawłodkowska retrosplenialcortexinspatialmemoryfocusonimmediateearlygenesmapping AT rafałczajkowski retrosplenialcortexinspatialmemoryfocusonimmediateearlygenesmapping
_version_	1718371951279341568

Retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory: focus on immediate early genes mapping

Ejemplares similares