Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot

In various experimental settings, electromyography (EMG) signals have been used to control robots. EMG-based robot control requires intrinsic parameters for control, which makes it difficult for users to understand the input protocol. When a proper input is not provided, the response time of the sys...

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Autores principales:	Hyeonseok Kim, Yeongdae Kim, Makoto Miyakoshi, Sorawit Stapornchaisit, Natsue Yoshimura, Yasuharu Koike
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	electromyography (EMG) electroencephalogram (EEG) delay subjective response parietal robot Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3706e2d0e4d44d2faf19ce29b2d8913d
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:3706e2d0e4d44d2faf19ce29b2d8913d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3706e2d0e4d44d2faf19ce29b2d8913d2021-12-01T14:27:56ZBrain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot1662-513710.3389/fnsys.2021.767477https://doaj.org/article/3706e2d0e4d44d2faf19ce29b2d8913d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2021.767477/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5137In various experimental settings, electromyography (EMG) signals have been used to control robots. EMG-based robot control requires intrinsic parameters for control, which makes it difficult for users to understand the input protocol. When a proper input is not provided, the response time of the system varies; as such, the user’s subjective delay should be investigated regardless of the actual delay. In this study, we investigated the influence of the subjective perception of delay on brain activation. Brain recordings were taken while subjects used EMG signals to control a robot hand, which requires a basic processing delay. We used muscle synergy for the grip command of the robot hand. After controlling the robot by grasping their hand, one of four additional delay durations (0 ms, 50 ms, 125 ms, and 250 ms) was applied in every trial, and subjects were instructed to answer whether the delay was natural, additional, or whether they were not sure. We compared brain activity based on responses (“sure” and “not sure”). Our results revealed a significant power difference in the theta band of the parietal lobe, and this time range included the interval in which the subjects could not feel the delay. Our study provides important insights that should be considered when constructing an adaptive system and evaluating its usability.Hyeonseok KimHyeonseok KimYeongdae KimMakoto MiyakoshiSorawit StapornchaisitNatsue YoshimuraYasuharu KoikeFrontiers Media S.A.articleelectromyography (EMG)electroencephalogram (EEG)delaysubjective responseparietalrobotNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electromyography (EMG) electroencephalogram (EEG) delay subjective response parietal robot Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	electromyography (EMG) electroencephalogram (EEG) delay subjective response parietal robot Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Hyeonseok Kim Hyeonseok Kim Yeongdae Kim Makoto Miyakoshi Sorawit Stapornchaisit Natsue Yoshimura Yasuharu Koike Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot
description	In various experimental settings, electromyography (EMG) signals have been used to control robots. EMG-based robot control requires intrinsic parameters for control, which makes it difficult for users to understand the input protocol. When a proper input is not provided, the response time of the system varies; as such, the user’s subjective delay should be investigated regardless of the actual delay. In this study, we investigated the influence of the subjective perception of delay on brain activation. Brain recordings were taken while subjects used EMG signals to control a robot hand, which requires a basic processing delay. We used muscle synergy for the grip command of the robot hand. After controlling the robot by grasping their hand, one of four additional delay durations (0 ms, 50 ms, 125 ms, and 250 ms) was applied in every trial, and subjects were instructed to answer whether the delay was natural, additional, or whether they were not sure. We compared brain activity based on responses (“sure” and “not sure”). Our results revealed a significant power difference in the theta band of the parietal lobe, and this time range included the interval in which the subjects could not feel the delay. Our study provides important insights that should be considered when constructing an adaptive system and evaluating its usability.
format	article
author	Hyeonseok Kim Hyeonseok Kim Yeongdae Kim Makoto Miyakoshi Sorawit Stapornchaisit Natsue Yoshimura Yasuharu Koike
author_facet	Hyeonseok Kim Hyeonseok Kim Yeongdae Kim Makoto Miyakoshi Sorawit Stapornchaisit Natsue Yoshimura Yasuharu Koike
author_sort	Hyeonseok Kim
title	Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot
title_short	Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot
title_full	Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot
title_fullStr	Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot
title_full_unstemmed	Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot
title_sort	brain activity reflects subjective response to delayed input when using an electromyography-controlled robot
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3706e2d0e4d44d2faf19ce29b2d8913d
work_keys_str_mv	AT hyeonseokkim brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot AT hyeonseokkim brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot AT yeongdaekim brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot AT makotomiyakoshi brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot AT sorawitstapornchaisit brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot AT natsueyoshimura brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot AT yasuharukoike brainactivityreflectssubjectiveresponsetodelayedinputwhenusinganelectromyographycontrolledrobot
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Brain Activity Reflects Subjective Response to Delayed Input When Using an Electromyography-Controlled Robot

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