Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland

Emissions of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a potent greenhouse gas, are a challenge associated with application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to soil. However, N source selection can play a role in reducing these emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from ammonium (ammonium su...

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Autores principales:	Niharika Rahman, Patrick J. Forrestal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulfate calcium nitrate emission factor yield Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3708e30aefcf4718bebcbdfb97652ab9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3708e30aefcf4718bebcbdfb97652ab92021-11-25T16:00:25ZAmmonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland10.3390/agriculture111111412077-0472https://doaj.org/article/3708e30aefcf4718bebcbdfb97652ab92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1141https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472Emissions of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a potent greenhouse gas, are a challenge associated with application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to soil. However, N source selection can play a role in reducing these emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from ammonium (ammonium sulfate) and nitrate (calcium nitrate) fertilizers over one year in temperate grassland using the closed static chamber method. Nitrogen was applied at a system representative rate of 220 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> in six split applications. Cumulative annual N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions were 0.29 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the control, 1.07 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the ammonium fertilizer and significantly higher at 2.54 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the nitrate fertilizer. The annual emission factor (EF) for the ammonium fertilizer was 0.35% vs 1.02% for the nitrate fertilizer, a 66% reduction in the EF for ammonium vs nitrate and a 2.9 times higher EF for nitrate compared with ammonium. No difference in grass yield or N uptake was detected between fertilizers. This study shows that an ammonium fertilizer produces the same yield and N efficiency as a nitrate fertilizer with lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The results also demonstrate that the nitrate portion of fertilizers is a key factor in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in temperate grassland. This work is the first of its kind detailing the annual EF of both a solely ammonium-N and a solely nitrate-N fertilizer we could find.Niharika RahmanPatrick J. ForrestalMDPI AGarticlenitrogen fertilizerammonium sulfatecalcium nitrateemission factoryieldAgriculture (General)S1-972ENAgriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1141, p 1141 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulfate calcium nitrate emission factor yield Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulfate calcium nitrate emission factor yield Agriculture (General) S1-972 Niharika Rahman Patrick J. Forrestal Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland
description	Emissions of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a potent greenhouse gas, are a challenge associated with application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to soil. However, N source selection can play a role in reducing these emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from ammonium (ammonium sulfate) and nitrate (calcium nitrate) fertilizers over one year in temperate grassland using the closed static chamber method. Nitrogen was applied at a system representative rate of 220 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> in six split applications. Cumulative annual N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions were 0.29 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the control, 1.07 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the ammonium fertilizer and significantly higher at 2.54 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the nitrate fertilizer. The annual emission factor (EF) for the ammonium fertilizer was 0.35% vs 1.02% for the nitrate fertilizer, a 66% reduction in the EF for ammonium vs nitrate and a 2.9 times higher EF for nitrate compared with ammonium. No difference in grass yield or N uptake was detected between fertilizers. This study shows that an ammonium fertilizer produces the same yield and N efficiency as a nitrate fertilizer with lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The results also demonstrate that the nitrate portion of fertilizers is a key factor in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in temperate grassland. This work is the first of its kind detailing the annual EF of both a solely ammonium-N and a solely nitrate-N fertilizer we could find.
format	article
author	Niharika Rahman Patrick J. Forrestal
author_facet	Niharika Rahman Patrick J. Forrestal
author_sort	Niharika Rahman
title	Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland
title_short	Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland
title_full	Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland
title_fullStr	Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland
title_full_unstemmed	Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland
title_sort	ammonium fertilizer reduces nitrous oxide emission compared to nitrate fertilizer while yielding equally in a temperate grassland
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3708e30aefcf4718bebcbdfb97652ab9
work_keys_str_mv	AT niharikarahman ammoniumfertilizerreducesnitrousoxideemissioncomparedtonitratefertilizerwhileyieldingequallyinatemperategrassland AT patrickjforrestal ammoniumfertilizerreducesnitrousoxideemissioncomparedtonitratefertilizerwhileyieldingequallyinatemperategrassland
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Ammonium Fertilizer Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emission Compared to Nitrate Fertilizer While Yielding Equally in a Temperate Grassland

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