Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the unexpected sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation. The SIDS pathogenesis is still unknown; however, abnormalities in brain centers that control breathing and arousal from sleep,...

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Autor principal:	Anna Maria Lavezzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dopamine midbrain dopaminergic neurons periaqueductal gray smoking substantia nigra Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/373181e778e34c8588fe0cea648e200b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:373181e778e34c8588fe0cea648e200b2021-11-25T16:48:40ZAltered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis10.3390/biomedicines91115342227-9059https://doaj.org/article/373181e778e34c8588fe0cea648e200b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1534https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the unexpected sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation. The SIDS pathogenesis is still unknown; however, abnormalities in brain centers that control breathing and arousal from sleep, including dramatic changes in neurotransmitter levels, have been supposed in these deaths. This is the first study focusing on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, so far extensively studied only in animals and human neurological diseases, in SIDS. Dopaminergic structures in midbrain sections of a large series of sudden infant deaths (36 SIDS and 26 controls) were identified using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, and the dopamine transporter, a membrane protein specifically expressed in dopaminergic cells. Dopamine-immunolabeled neurons were observed concentrated in two specific structures: the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and in the subnucleus medialis of the periaqueductal gray matter. Anatomical and functional degenerations of dopaminergic neurons in these regions were observed in most SIDS cases but never in controls. These results indicate that dopamine depletion, which is already known to be linked especially to Parkinson’s disease, is strongly involved even in SIDS pathogenesis.Anna Maria LavezziMDPI AGarticledopaminemidbraindopaminergic neuronsperiaqueductal graysmokingsubstantia nigraBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1534, p 1534 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dopamine midbrain dopaminergic neurons periaqueductal gray smoking substantia nigra Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	dopamine midbrain dopaminergic neurons periaqueductal gray smoking substantia nigra Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Anna Maria Lavezzi Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis
description	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the unexpected sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation. The SIDS pathogenesis is still unknown; however, abnormalities in brain centers that control breathing and arousal from sleep, including dramatic changes in neurotransmitter levels, have been supposed in these deaths. This is the first study focusing on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, so far extensively studied only in animals and human neurological diseases, in SIDS. Dopaminergic structures in midbrain sections of a large series of sudden infant deaths (36 SIDS and 26 controls) were identified using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, and the dopamine transporter, a membrane protein specifically expressed in dopaminergic cells. Dopamine-immunolabeled neurons were observed concentrated in two specific structures: the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and in the subnucleus medialis of the periaqueductal gray matter. Anatomical and functional degenerations of dopaminergic neurons in these regions were observed in most SIDS cases but never in controls. These results indicate that dopamine depletion, which is already known to be linked especially to Parkinson’s disease, is strongly involved even in SIDS pathogenesis.
format	article
author	Anna Maria Lavezzi
author_facet	Anna Maria Lavezzi
author_sort	Anna Maria Lavezzi
title	Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis
title_short	Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis
title_full	Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis
title_fullStr	Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed	Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis
title_sort	altered development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in sids: new insights into understanding sudden infant death pathogenesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/373181e778e34c8588fe0cea648e200b
work_keys_str_mv	AT annamarialavezzi altereddevelopmentofmesencephalicdopaminergicneuronsinsidsnewinsightsintounderstandingsuddeninfantdeathpathogenesis
_version_	1718412946580701184

Altered Development of Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in SIDS: New Insights into Understanding Sudden Infant Death Pathogenesis

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