MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations

Abstract Dental enamel forms extracellularly as thin ribbons of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that initiate on dentin mineral in close proximity to the ameloblast distal membrane. Secreted proteins are critical for this process. Enam −/− and Ambn −/− mice fail to form enamel. We characterize ena...

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Autores principales:	John D. Bartlett, Charles E. Smith, Yuanyuan Hu, Atsushi Ikeda, Mike Strauss, Tian Liang, Ya-Hsiang Hsu, Amanda H. Trout, David W. McComb, Rebecca C. Freeman, James P. Simmer, Jan C.-C. Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/373d5cee0dcd4f0582e0f4f3a8212285
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:373d5cee0dcd4f0582e0f4f3a82122852021-12-02T15:52:47ZMMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations10.1038/s41598-021-90005-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/373d5cee0dcd4f0582e0f4f3a82122852021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90005-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Dental enamel forms extracellularly as thin ribbons of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that initiate on dentin mineral in close proximity to the ameloblast distal membrane. Secreted proteins are critical for this process. Enam −/− and Ambn −/− mice fail to form enamel. We characterize enamel ribbon formation in wild-type (WT), Amelx −/− and Mmp20 −/− mouse mandibular incisors using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) in inverted backscatter mode. In Amelx −/− mice, initial enamel mineral ribbons extending from dentin are similar in form to those of WT mice. As early enamel development progresses, the Amelx −/− mineral ribbons develop multiple branches, resembling the staves of a Japanese fan. These striking fan-shaped structures cease growing after attaining ~ 20 µm of enamel thickness (WT is ~ 120 µm). The initial enamel mineral ribbons in Mmp20 −/− mice, like those of the Amelx −/− and WT, extend from the dentin surface to the ameloblast membrane, but appear to be fewer in number and coated on their sides with organic material. Remarkably, Mmp20 −/− mineral ribbons also form fan-like structures that extend to ~ 20 µm from the dentin surface. However, these fans are subsequently capped with a hard, disorganized outer mineral layer. Amelogenin cleavage products are the only matrix components absent in both Amelx −/− and Mmp20 −/− mice. We conclude that MMP20 and amelogenin are not critical for enamel mineral ribbon initiation, orientation, or initial shape. The pathological fan-like plates in these mice may form from the lack of amelogenin cleavage products, which appear necessary to form ordered hydroxyapatite.John D. BartlettCharles E. SmithYuanyuan HuAtsushi IkedaMike StraussTian LiangYa-Hsiang HsuAmanda H. TroutDavid W. McCombRebecca C. FreemanJames P. SimmerJan C.-C. HuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q John D. Bartlett Charles E. Smith Yuanyuan Hu Atsushi Ikeda Mike Strauss Tian Liang Ya-Hsiang Hsu Amanda H. Trout David W. McComb Rebecca C. Freeman James P. Simmer Jan C.-C. Hu MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
description	Abstract Dental enamel forms extracellularly as thin ribbons of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that initiate on dentin mineral in close proximity to the ameloblast distal membrane. Secreted proteins are critical for this process. Enam −/− and Ambn −/− mice fail to form enamel. We characterize enamel ribbon formation in wild-type (WT), Amelx −/− and Mmp20 −/− mouse mandibular incisors using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) in inverted backscatter mode. In Amelx −/− mice, initial enamel mineral ribbons extending from dentin are similar in form to those of WT mice. As early enamel development progresses, the Amelx −/− mineral ribbons develop multiple branches, resembling the staves of a Japanese fan. These striking fan-shaped structures cease growing after attaining ~ 20 µm of enamel thickness (WT is ~ 120 µm). The initial enamel mineral ribbons in Mmp20 −/− mice, like those of the Amelx −/− and WT, extend from the dentin surface to the ameloblast membrane, but appear to be fewer in number and coated on their sides with organic material. Remarkably, Mmp20 −/− mineral ribbons also form fan-like structures that extend to ~ 20 µm from the dentin surface. However, these fans are subsequently capped with a hard, disorganized outer mineral layer. Amelogenin cleavage products are the only matrix components absent in both Amelx −/− and Mmp20 −/− mice. We conclude that MMP20 and amelogenin are not critical for enamel mineral ribbon initiation, orientation, or initial shape. The pathological fan-like plates in these mice may form from the lack of amelogenin cleavage products, which appear necessary to form ordered hydroxyapatite.
format	article
author	John D. Bartlett Charles E. Smith Yuanyuan Hu Atsushi Ikeda Mike Strauss Tian Liang Ya-Hsiang Hsu Amanda H. Trout David W. McComb Rebecca C. Freeman James P. Simmer Jan C.-C. Hu
author_facet	John D. Bartlett Charles E. Smith Yuanyuan Hu Atsushi Ikeda Mike Strauss Tian Liang Ya-Hsiang Hsu Amanda H. Trout David W. McComb Rebecca C. Freeman James P. Simmer Jan C.-C. Hu
author_sort	John D. Bartlett
title	MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
title_short	MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
title_full	MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
title_fullStr	MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
title_full_unstemmed	MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
title_sort	mmp20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/373d5cee0dcd4f0582e0f4f3a8212285
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MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations

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