High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia
The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), located on the east coast of Florida, is a complex estuarine ecosystem that is negatively affected by recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs) from distinct taxonomic/functional groups. Enhanced monitoring was established to facilitate rapid quantification of three recurr...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:373df28e7c0f40b7a280d817b8ddaf722021-11-30T19:09:44ZHigh-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.769877https://doaj.org/article/373df28e7c0f40b7a280d817b8ddaf722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.769877/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), located on the east coast of Florida, is a complex estuarine ecosystem that is negatively affected by recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs) from distinct taxonomic/functional groups. Enhanced monitoring was established to facilitate rapid quantification of three recurrent bloom taxa, Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and included corroborating techniques to improve the identification of small-celled nanoplankton (<10 μm in diameter). Identification and enumeration of these target taxa were conducted during 2015–2020 using a combination of light microscopy and species-specific approaches, specifically immunofluorescence flow cytometry as well as a newly developed qPCR assay for A. lagunensis presented here for the first time. An annual bloom index (ABI) was established for each taxon based on occurrence and abundance data. Blooms of A. lagunensis (>2 × 108 cells L–1) were observed in all 6 years sampled and across multiple seasons. In contrast, abundance of P. bahamense, largely driven by the annual temperature cycle that moderates life cycle transitions and growth, displayed a strong seasonal pattern with blooms (105–107 cells L–1) generally developing in early summer and subsiding in autumn. However, P. bahamense bloom development was delayed and abundance was significantly lower in years and locations with sustained A. lagunensis blooms. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were broadly distributed with sporadic bloom concentrations (reaching 107 cells L–1), but with minimal concentrations of the toxin domoic acid detected (<0.02 μg L–1). In summer 2020, multiple monitoring tools characterized a novel nano-cyanobacterium bloom (reaching 109 cells L–1) that coincided with a decline in A. lagunensis and persisted into autumn. Statistical and time-series analyses of this spatiotemporally intensive dataset highlight prominent patterns in variability for some taxa, but also identify challenges of characterizing mechanisms underlying more episodic yet persistent events. Nevertheless, the intersect of temperature and salinity as environmental proxies proved to be informative in delineating niche partitioning, not only in the case of taxa with long-standing data sets but also for seemingly unprecedented blooms of novel nanoplanktonic taxa.Cary B. LopezCharles L. TilneyEric MuhlbachJosée N. BouchardMaria Célia VillacKaren L. HenschenLaura R. MarkleyStephanie Keller AbbeSugandha ShankarColin P. SheaLeanne FlewellingMatthew GarrettSusan BadylakEdward J. PhlipsLauren M. HallMargaret A. LasiAshley A. ParksRichard PapernoDouglas H. AdamsDwayne D. EdwardsJacob E. SchneiderKyle B. WaldAutumn R. BiddleShawna L. LandersKatherine A. HubbardFrontiers Media S.A.articlebrown tideimmunofluorescence flow cytometryharmful algal bloomsqPCRtime-seriesecological nicheScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
brown tide immunofluorescence flow cytometry harmful algal blooms qPCR time-series ecological niche Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
| spellingShingle |
brown tide immunofluorescence flow cytometry harmful algal blooms qPCR time-series ecological niche Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Cary B. Lopez Charles L. Tilney Eric Muhlbach Josée N. Bouchard Maria Célia Villac Karen L. Henschen Laura R. Markley Stephanie Keller Abbe Sugandha Shankar Colin P. Shea Leanne Flewelling Matthew Garrett Susan Badylak Edward J. Phlips Lauren M. Hall Margaret A. Lasi Ashley A. Parks Richard Paperno Douglas H. Adams Dwayne D. Edwards Jacob E. Schneider Kyle B. Wald Autumn R. Biddle Shawna L. Landers Katherine A. Hubbard High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia |
| description |
The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), located on the east coast of Florida, is a complex estuarine ecosystem that is negatively affected by recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs) from distinct taxonomic/functional groups. Enhanced monitoring was established to facilitate rapid quantification of three recurrent bloom taxa, Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and included corroborating techniques to improve the identification of small-celled nanoplankton (<10 μm in diameter). Identification and enumeration of these target taxa were conducted during 2015–2020 using a combination of light microscopy and species-specific approaches, specifically immunofluorescence flow cytometry as well as a newly developed qPCR assay for A. lagunensis presented here for the first time. An annual bloom index (ABI) was established for each taxon based on occurrence and abundance data. Blooms of A. lagunensis (>2 × 108 cells L–1) were observed in all 6 years sampled and across multiple seasons. In contrast, abundance of P. bahamense, largely driven by the annual temperature cycle that moderates life cycle transitions and growth, displayed a strong seasonal pattern with blooms (105–107 cells L–1) generally developing in early summer and subsiding in autumn. However, P. bahamense bloom development was delayed and abundance was significantly lower in years and locations with sustained A. lagunensis blooms. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were broadly distributed with sporadic bloom concentrations (reaching 107 cells L–1), but with minimal concentrations of the toxin domoic acid detected (<0.02 μg L–1). In summer 2020, multiple monitoring tools characterized a novel nano-cyanobacterium bloom (reaching 109 cells L–1) that coincided with a decline in A. lagunensis and persisted into autumn. Statistical and time-series analyses of this spatiotemporally intensive dataset highlight prominent patterns in variability for some taxa, but also identify challenges of characterizing mechanisms underlying more episodic yet persistent events. Nevertheless, the intersect of temperature and salinity as environmental proxies proved to be informative in delineating niche partitioning, not only in the case of taxa with long-standing data sets but also for seemingly unprecedented blooms of novel nanoplanktonic taxa. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Cary B. Lopez Charles L. Tilney Eric Muhlbach Josée N. Bouchard Maria Célia Villac Karen L. Henschen Laura R. Markley Stephanie Keller Abbe Sugandha Shankar Colin P. Shea Leanne Flewelling Matthew Garrett Susan Badylak Edward J. Phlips Lauren M. Hall Margaret A. Lasi Ashley A. Parks Richard Paperno Douglas H. Adams Dwayne D. Edwards Jacob E. Schneider Kyle B. Wald Autumn R. Biddle Shawna L. Landers Katherine A. Hubbard |
| author_facet |
Cary B. Lopez Charles L. Tilney Eric Muhlbach Josée N. Bouchard Maria Célia Villac Karen L. Henschen Laura R. Markley Stephanie Keller Abbe Sugandha Shankar Colin P. Shea Leanne Flewelling Matthew Garrett Susan Badylak Edward J. Phlips Lauren M. Hall Margaret A. Lasi Ashley A. Parks Richard Paperno Douglas H. Adams Dwayne D. Edwards Jacob E. Schneider Kyle B. Wald Autumn R. Biddle Shawna L. Landers Katherine A. Hubbard |
| author_sort |
Cary B. Lopez |
| title |
High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia |
| title_short |
High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia |
| title_full |
High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia |
| title_fullStr |
High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Harmful Algae in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida)—A Case Study of Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, and Pseudo-nitzschia |
| title_sort |
high-resolution spatiotemporal dynamics of harmful algae in the indian river lagoon (florida)—a case study of aureoumbra lagunensis, pyrodinium bahamense, and pseudo-nitzschia |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/373df28e7c0f40b7a280d817b8ddaf72 |
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