The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico

Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed large structural inequalities that led to disparities in health outcomes related to socioeconomic status. So far, most of the evidence is based on aggregated data or simulations with individual data, which point to various possible mechanisms behi...

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Autores principales:	Eva O. Arceo-Gomez, Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez, Gerardo Esquivel, Eduardo Alcaraz, Luis A. Martinez, Norma G. Lopez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	COVID-19 Mortality Hospitalisation Comorbidities Income gradient Mexico Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/376cdf8868784f78b798f70816448e85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:376cdf8868784f78b798f70816448e852021-12-02T05:04:42ZThe income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico2667-193X10.1016/j.lana.2021.100115https://doaj.org/article/376cdf8868784f78b798f70816448e852022-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X21001113https://doaj.org/toc/2667-193XSummary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed large structural inequalities that led to disparities in health outcomes related to socioeconomic status. So far, most of the evidence is based on aggregated data or simulations with individual data, which point to various possible mechanisms behind the association. To date, there have been no studies regarding an income gradient in COVID-19 mortality based on individual-level data and adjusting for comorbidities or access to healthcare. Methods: In this paper, we use linked employee-patient data for patients tested for COVID-19 at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. We estimate the association of the probability of dying with income centiles, using a probit estimation and adjusting for COVID-19 diagnosis, sociodemographic variables, and comorbidities. Findings: After controlling for all these variables, we find that persons in the lowest income decile still had a probability of dying from COVID-19 five times greater than those at the top decile. Interpretation: Our results imply that the association between income and COVID outcomes is not explained by the prevalence of comorbidities or by a lack of access to healthcare among the low-income population. Funding: This study was not supported by any external funding source.Eva O. Arceo-GomezRaymundo M. Campos-VazquezGerardo EsquivelEduardo AlcarazLuis A. MartinezNorma G. LopezElsevierarticleCOVID-19MortalityHospitalisationComorbiditiesIncome gradientMexicoPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENThe Lancet Regional Health. Americas, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100115- (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 Mortality Hospitalisation Comorbidities Income gradient Mexico Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	COVID-19 Mortality Hospitalisation Comorbidities Income gradient Mexico Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Eva O. Arceo-Gomez Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez Gerardo Esquivel Eduardo Alcaraz Luis A. Martinez Norma G. Lopez The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico
description	Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed large structural inequalities that led to disparities in health outcomes related to socioeconomic status. So far, most of the evidence is based on aggregated data or simulations with individual data, which point to various possible mechanisms behind the association. To date, there have been no studies regarding an income gradient in COVID-19 mortality based on individual-level data and adjusting for comorbidities or access to healthcare. Methods: In this paper, we use linked employee-patient data for patients tested for COVID-19 at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. We estimate the association of the probability of dying with income centiles, using a probit estimation and adjusting for COVID-19 diagnosis, sociodemographic variables, and comorbidities. Findings: After controlling for all these variables, we find that persons in the lowest income decile still had a probability of dying from COVID-19 five times greater than those at the top decile. Interpretation: Our results imply that the association between income and COVID outcomes is not explained by the prevalence of comorbidities or by a lack of access to healthcare among the low-income population. Funding: This study was not supported by any external funding source.
format	article
author	Eva O. Arceo-Gomez Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez Gerardo Esquivel Eduardo Alcaraz Luis A. Martinez Norma G. Lopez
author_facet	Eva O. Arceo-Gomez Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez Gerardo Esquivel Eduardo Alcaraz Luis A. Martinez Norma G. Lopez
author_sort	Eva O. Arceo-Gomez
title	The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico
title_short	The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico
title_full	The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico
title_fullStr	The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico
title_full_unstemmed	The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico
title_sort	income gradient in covid-19 mortality and hospitalisation: an observational study with social security administrative records in mexico
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/376cdf8868784f78b798f70816448e85
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The income gradient in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation: An observational study with social security administrative records in Mexico

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