Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase

Inorganic biopolymer-based nanocomposites are useful for stabilizing lipases for enhanced catalytic performance and easy separation. Herein, we report the operational stability, regenerability, and thermodynamics studies of the ternary biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide nanocomposite (SiO<s...

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Autores principales:	Adikwu Gowon Jacob, Roswanira Abdul Wahab, Mailin Misson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	graphene oxide nanocomposite operational stability thermodynamics esterification synthesis ethyl valerate Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/377502cf64c748a1abf277731881b3c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:377502cf64c748a1abf277731881b3c72021-11-11T18:49:14ZOperational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase10.3390/polym132138542073-4360https://doaj.org/article/377502cf64c748a1abf277731881b3c72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3854https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Inorganic biopolymer-based nanocomposites are useful for stabilizing lipases for enhanced catalytic performance and easy separation. Herein, we report the operational stability, regenerability, and thermodynamics studies of the ternary biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide nanocomposite (SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO) as a support for <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase (CRL). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-electron scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption data on the support and biocatalyst corroborated their successful fabrication. XPS revealed the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> adopted Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> oxidation states, while XRD data of GO yielded a peak at 2θ = 11.67°, with the SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO revealing a high surface area (≈261 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra affirmed the successful fabricated supports and catalyst. The half-life and thermodynamic parameters of the superparamagnetic immobilized CRL (CRL/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO) improved over the free CRL. The microwave-regenerated CRL/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO (≈82%) exhibited higher catalytic activity than ultrasonic-regenerated (≈71%) ones. Lower activation (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and higher deactivation energies (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> were also noted for the CRL/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO (13.87 kJ/mol, 32.32 kJ/mol) than free CRL (15.26 kJ/mol, 27.60 kJ/mol). A peak at 4.28 min in the gas chromatograph-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of the purified ethyl valerate supported the unique six types of 14 hydrogen atoms of the ester (CAS: 539-82-2) in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) data. The results collectively demonstrated the suitability of SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO in stabilizing CRL for improved operational stability and thermodynamics and permitted biocatalyst regenerability.Adikwu Gowon JacobRoswanira Abdul WahabMailin MissonMDPI AGarticlegraphene oxidenanocompositeoperational stabilitythermodynamicsesterification synthesisethyl valerateOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3854, p 3854 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	graphene oxide nanocomposite operational stability thermodynamics esterification synthesis ethyl valerate Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	graphene oxide nanocomposite operational stability thermodynamics esterification synthesis ethyl valerate Organic chemistry QD241-441 Adikwu Gowon Jacob Roswanira Abdul Wahab Mailin Misson Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase
description	Inorganic biopolymer-based nanocomposites are useful for stabilizing lipases for enhanced catalytic performance and easy separation. Herein, we report the operational stability, regenerability, and thermodynamics studies of the ternary biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide nanocomposite (SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO) as a support for <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase (CRL). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-electron scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption data on the support and biocatalyst corroborated their successful fabrication. XPS revealed the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> adopted Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> oxidation states, while XRD data of GO yielded a peak at 2θ = 11.67°, with the SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO revealing a high surface area (≈261 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra affirmed the successful fabricated supports and catalyst. The half-life and thermodynamic parameters of the superparamagnetic immobilized CRL (CRL/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO) improved over the free CRL. The microwave-regenerated CRL/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO (≈82%) exhibited higher catalytic activity than ultrasonic-regenerated (≈71%) ones. Lower activation (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and higher deactivation energies (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> were also noted for the CRL/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO (13.87 kJ/mol, 32.32 kJ/mol) than free CRL (15.26 kJ/mol, 27.60 kJ/mol). A peak at 4.28 min in the gas chromatograph-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of the purified ethyl valerate supported the unique six types of 14 hydrogen atoms of the ester (CAS: 539-82-2) in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) data. The results collectively demonstrated the suitability of SiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO in stabilizing CRL for improved operational stability and thermodynamics and permitted biocatalyst regenerability.
format	article
author	Adikwu Gowon Jacob Roswanira Abdul Wahab Mailin Misson
author_facet	Adikwu Gowon Jacob Roswanira Abdul Wahab Mailin Misson
author_sort	Adikwu Gowon Jacob
title	Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase
title_short	Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase
title_full	Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase
title_fullStr	Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase
title_full_unstemmed	Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase
title_sort	operational stability, regenerability, and thermodynamics studies on biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide nanocomposite-activated <i>candida rugosa</i> lipase
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/377502cf64c748a1abf277731881b3c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT adikwugowonjacob operationalstabilityregenerabilityandthermodynamicsstudiesonbiogenicsilicamagnetitegrapheneoxidenanocompositeactivatedicandidarugosailipase AT roswaniraabdulwahab operationalstabilityregenerabilityandthermodynamicsstudiesonbiogenicsilicamagnetitegrapheneoxidenanocompositeactivatedicandidarugosailipase AT mailinmisson operationalstabilityregenerabilityandthermodynamicsstudiesonbiogenicsilicamagnetitegrapheneoxidenanocompositeactivatedicandidarugosailipase
_version_	1718431695280013312

Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase

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