Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status

Abstract Although thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, has been removed from most pediatric vaccines in the United States, some multidose vaccines, such as influenza vaccines, still contain thimerosal. Considering that a growing number of studies indicate involvement of the gut microbiome...

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Autores principales:	Yu Hasegawa, Britni Curtis, Vernon Yutuc, Megan Rulien, Kelly Morrisroe, Kristin Watkins, Clayton Ferrier, Chris English, Laura Hewitson, Carolyn M. Slupsky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Inoculation Thimerosal-containing Vaccines (TCVs) Vaccine Schedule Pediatric Vaccination Permutational Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (PERMANOVA) Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/377a48d67ef743808a0450ccb45fa93e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:377a48d67ef743808a0450ccb45fa93e2021-12-02T15:07:48ZMicrobial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status10.1038/s41598-018-34019-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/377a48d67ef743808a0450ccb45fa93e2018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34019-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, has been removed from most pediatric vaccines in the United States, some multidose vaccines, such as influenza vaccines, still contain thimerosal. Considering that a growing number of studies indicate involvement of the gut microbiome in infant immune development and vaccine responses, it is important to elucidate the impact of pediatric vaccines, including thimerosal-containing vaccines, on gut microbial structure and function. Here, a non-human primate model was utilized to assess how two vaccine schedules affect the gut microbiome in infants (5–9 days old) and juveniles (77–88 weeks old) through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses of the fecal samples. Two treatment groups (n = 12/group) followed either the vaccine schedule that was in place during the 1990s (intensive exposure to thimerosal) or an expanded schedule administered in 2008 (prenatal and postnatal exposure to thimerosal mainly via influenza vaccines), and were compared with a control group (n = 16) that received saline injections. The primary impact on gut microbial structure and function was age. Although a few statistically significant impacts of the two common pediatric vaccine schedules were observed when confounding factors were considered, the magnitude of the differences was small, and appeared to be positive with vaccination.Yu HasegawaBritni CurtisVernon YutucMegan RulienKelly MorrisroeKristin WatkinsClayton FerrierChris EnglishLaura HewitsonCarolyn M. SlupskyNature PortfolioarticleInoculationThimerosal-containing Vaccines (TCVs)Vaccine SchedulePediatric VaccinationPermutational Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (PERMANOVA)MedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Inoculation Thimerosal-containing Vaccines (TCVs) Vaccine Schedule Pediatric Vaccination Permutational Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (PERMANOVA) Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Inoculation Thimerosal-containing Vaccines (TCVs) Vaccine Schedule Pediatric Vaccination Permutational Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (PERMANOVA) Medicine R Science Q Yu Hasegawa Britni Curtis Vernon Yutuc Megan Rulien Kelly Morrisroe Kristin Watkins Clayton Ferrier Chris English Laura Hewitson Carolyn M. Slupsky Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
description	Abstract Although thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, has been removed from most pediatric vaccines in the United States, some multidose vaccines, such as influenza vaccines, still contain thimerosal. Considering that a growing number of studies indicate involvement of the gut microbiome in infant immune development and vaccine responses, it is important to elucidate the impact of pediatric vaccines, including thimerosal-containing vaccines, on gut microbial structure and function. Here, a non-human primate model was utilized to assess how two vaccine schedules affect the gut microbiome in infants (5–9 days old) and juveniles (77–88 weeks old) through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses of the fecal samples. Two treatment groups (n = 12/group) followed either the vaccine schedule that was in place during the 1990s (intensive exposure to thimerosal) or an expanded schedule administered in 2008 (prenatal and postnatal exposure to thimerosal mainly via influenza vaccines), and were compared with a control group (n = 16) that received saline injections. The primary impact on gut microbial structure and function was age. Although a few statistically significant impacts of the two common pediatric vaccine schedules were observed when confounding factors were considered, the magnitude of the differences was small, and appeared to be positive with vaccination.
format	article
author	Yu Hasegawa Britni Curtis Vernon Yutuc Megan Rulien Kelly Morrisroe Kristin Watkins Clayton Ferrier Chris English Laura Hewitson Carolyn M. Slupsky
author_facet	Yu Hasegawa Britni Curtis Vernon Yutuc Megan Rulien Kelly Morrisroe Kristin Watkins Clayton Ferrier Chris English Laura Hewitson Carolyn M. Slupsky
author_sort	Yu Hasegawa
title	Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
title_short	Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
title_full	Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
title_fullStr	Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
title_full_unstemmed	Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
title_sort	microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/377a48d67ef743808a0450ccb45fa93e
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Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status

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