Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars

Due to the need to reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of mineral binders, researchers are considering the use of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) as an alternative to cementitious binders. The properties of AAMs can be more advantageous than those presented by cementitious binders, and...

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Autores principales:	Patrycja Duży, Mateusz Sitarz, Marcin Adamczyk, Marta Choińska, Izabela Hager
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alkali-activated materials fly ash chloride ions gas permeability water absorption Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/37d47a7947e5487cb3e2e71a8ca650f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:37d47a7947e5487cb3e2e71a8ca650f92021-11-11T18:07:49ZChloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars10.3390/ma142165831996-1944https://doaj.org/article/37d47a7947e5487cb3e2e71a8ca650f92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6583https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Due to the need to reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of mineral binders, researchers are considering the use of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) as an alternative to cementitious binders. The properties of AAMs can be more advantageous than those presented by cementitious binders, and thus they can replace Portland cement binders in some applications. Mechanical tests of AAMs are being conducted on an ongoing basis; however, durability issues related to reinforcing steel in conditions in which steel members interact with chloride ions remain unsolved. In this paper, the precursors for AAM preparations are blends of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) in four slag proportions: 0%, 10%, 30% and 50% expressed as a percent of FA mass. Four alkali-activated mortars were prepared, denominated as AAM 0, AAM 10, AAM 30 and AAM 50, respectively. Their basic physical and mechanical characteristics were investigated, as were their gas transport properties. The nitrogen Cembureau method was applied to determine the permeability of the mortar. The transport properties of the chloride ions were determined using the modified NT BUILD 492 migration test. The comparison of results obtained demonstrated a positive effect of GGBFS addition in terms of an increase in bulk density, permeability, porosity and, at the same time, a reduction in chloride ion penetration. The water absorption tests also provided insight into the open pore structures of mortars. The measurements revealed a strong dependence between fluid transport through the mortars and the water absorption and initial water content of materials.Patrycja DużyMateusz SitarzMarcin AdamczykMarta ChoińskaIzabela HagerMDPI AGarticlealkali-activated materialsfly ashchloride ionsgas permeabilitywater absorptionTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6583, p 6583 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alkali-activated materials fly ash chloride ions gas permeability water absorption Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	alkali-activated materials fly ash chloride ions gas permeability water absorption Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Patrycja Duży Mateusz Sitarz Marcin Adamczyk Marta Choińska Izabela Hager Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
description	Due to the need to reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of mineral binders, researchers are considering the use of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) as an alternative to cementitious binders. The properties of AAMs can be more advantageous than those presented by cementitious binders, and thus they can replace Portland cement binders in some applications. Mechanical tests of AAMs are being conducted on an ongoing basis; however, durability issues related to reinforcing steel in conditions in which steel members interact with chloride ions remain unsolved. In this paper, the precursors for AAM preparations are blends of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) in four slag proportions: 0%, 10%, 30% and 50% expressed as a percent of FA mass. Four alkali-activated mortars were prepared, denominated as AAM 0, AAM 10, AAM 30 and AAM 50, respectively. Their basic physical and mechanical characteristics were investigated, as were their gas transport properties. The nitrogen Cembureau method was applied to determine the permeability of the mortar. The transport properties of the chloride ions were determined using the modified NT BUILD 492 migration test. The comparison of results obtained demonstrated a positive effect of GGBFS addition in terms of an increase in bulk density, permeability, porosity and, at the same time, a reduction in chloride ion penetration. The water absorption tests also provided insight into the open pore structures of mortars. The measurements revealed a strong dependence between fluid transport through the mortars and the water absorption and initial water content of materials.
format	article
author	Patrycja Duży Mateusz Sitarz Marcin Adamczyk Marta Choińska Izabela Hager
author_facet	Patrycja Duży Mateusz Sitarz Marcin Adamczyk Marta Choińska Izabela Hager
author_sort	Patrycja Duży
title	Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
title_short	Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
title_full	Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
title_fullStr	Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
title_full_unstemmed	Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
title_sort	chloride ions’ penetration of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slags-based alkali-activated mortars
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/37d47a7947e5487cb3e2e71a8ca650f9
work_keys_str_mv	AT patrycjaduzy chlorideionspenetrationofflyashandgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagsbasedalkaliactivatedmortars AT mateuszsitarz chlorideionspenetrationofflyashandgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagsbasedalkaliactivatedmortars AT marcinadamczyk chlorideionspenetrationofflyashandgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagsbasedalkaliactivatedmortars AT martachoinska chlorideionspenetrationofflyashandgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagsbasedalkaliactivatedmortars AT izabelahager chlorideionspenetrationofflyashandgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagsbasedalkaliactivatedmortars
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Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars

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