A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates

Abstract The study of microstructure evolution in additive manufacturing of metals would be aided by knowing the thermal history. Since temperature measurements beneath the surface are difficult, estimates are obtained from computational thermo-mechanical models calibrated against traces left in the...

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Autores principales:	Yi Shu, Daniel Galles, Ottman A. Tertuliano, Brandon A. McWilliams, Nancy Yang, Wei Cai, Adrian J. Lew
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/37e5f947c28a42a8981d7e1efa2b4bc1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:37e5f947c28a42a8981d7e1efa2b4bc12021-12-02T17:30:34ZA critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates10.1038/s41598-021-91039-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/37e5f947c28a42a8981d7e1efa2b4bc12021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91039-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The study of microstructure evolution in additive manufacturing of metals would be aided by knowing the thermal history. Since temperature measurements beneath the surface are difficult, estimates are obtained from computational thermo-mechanical models calibrated against traces left in the sample revealed after etching, such as the trace of the melt pool boundary. Here we examine the question of how reliable thermal histories computed from a model that reproduces the melt pool trace are. To this end, we perform experiments in which one of two different laser beams moves with constant velocity and power over a substrate of 17-4PH SS or Ti-6Al-4V, with low enough power to avoid generating a keyhole. We find that thermal histories appear to be reliably computed provided that (a) the power density distribution of the laser beam over the substrate is well characterized, and (b) convective heat transport effects are accounted for. Poor control of the laser beam leads to potentially multiple three-dimensional melt pool shapes compatible with the melt pool trace, and therefore to multiple potential thermal histories. Ignoring convective effects leads to results that are inconsistent with experiments, even for the mild melt pools here.Yi ShuDaniel GallesOttman A. TertulianoBrandon A. McWilliamsNancy YangWei CaiAdrian J. LewNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yi Shu Daniel Galles Ottman A. Tertuliano Brandon A. McWilliams Nancy Yang Wei Cai Adrian J. Lew A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
description	Abstract The study of microstructure evolution in additive manufacturing of metals would be aided by knowing the thermal history. Since temperature measurements beneath the surface are difficult, estimates are obtained from computational thermo-mechanical models calibrated against traces left in the sample revealed after etching, such as the trace of the melt pool boundary. Here we examine the question of how reliable thermal histories computed from a model that reproduces the melt pool trace are. To this end, we perform experiments in which one of two different laser beams moves with constant velocity and power over a substrate of 17-4PH SS or Ti-6Al-4V, with low enough power to avoid generating a keyhole. We find that thermal histories appear to be reliably computed provided that (a) the power density distribution of the laser beam over the substrate is well characterized, and (b) convective heat transport effects are accounted for. Poor control of the laser beam leads to potentially multiple three-dimensional melt pool shapes compatible with the melt pool trace, and therefore to multiple potential thermal histories. Ignoring convective effects leads to results that are inconsistent with experiments, even for the mild melt pools here.
format	article
author	Yi Shu Daniel Galles Ottman A. Tertuliano Brandon A. McWilliams Nancy Yang Wei Cai Adrian J. Lew
author_facet	Yi Shu Daniel Galles Ottman A. Tertuliano Brandon A. McWilliams Nancy Yang Wei Cai Adrian J. Lew
author_sort	Yi Shu
title	A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
title_short	A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
title_full	A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
title_fullStr	A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
title_full_unstemmed	A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
title_sort	critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/37e5f947c28a42a8981d7e1efa2b4bc1
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A critical look at the prediction of the temperature field around a laser-induced melt pool on metallic substrates

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