Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort
Abstract Food additives (e.g. artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, dyes, etc.) are ingested by billions of individuals daily. Some concerning results, mainly derived from animal and/or cell-based experimental studies, have recently emerged suggesting potential detrimental effects of several widely co...
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Nature Portfolio
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:37e61ff3f21e4345a36e9091a4057aa42021-12-02T18:09:03ZExposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort10.1038/s41598-021-98496-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/37e61ff3f21e4345a36e9091a4057aa42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98496-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Food additives (e.g. artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, dyes, etc.) are ingested by billions of individuals daily. Some concerning results, mainly derived from animal and/or cell-based experimental studies, have recently emerged suggesting potential detrimental effects of several widely consumed additives. Profiles of additive exposure as well as the potential long-term impact of multiple exposure on human health are poorly documented. This work aimed to estimate the usual intake of food additives among participants of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort and to identify and describe profiles of exposure (single substances and mixtures). Overall, 106,489 adults from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study (2009-ongoing) were included. Consumption of 90 main food additives was evaluated using repeated 24 h dietary records including information on brands of commercial products. Qualitative information (as presence/absence) of each additive in food products was determined using 3 large-scale composition databases (OQALI, Open Food Facts, GNPD), accounting for the date of consumption of the product. Quantitative ingested doses were estimated using a combination of laboratory assays on food matrixes (n = 2677) and data from EFSA and JECFA. Exposure was estimated in mg per kg of body weight per day. Profiles of exposure to food additive mixtures were extracted using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) followed by k-means clustering as well as Graphical Lasso. Sociodemographic and dietary comparison of clusters of participants was performed by Chi-square tests or linear regressions. Data were weighted according to the national census. Forty-eight additives were consumed by more than 10% of the participants, with modified starches and citric acid consumed by more than 90%. The top 50 also included several food additives for which potential adverse health effects have been suggested by recent experimental studies: lecithins (86.6% consumers), mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (78.1%), carrageenan (77.5%), sodium nitrite (73.9%), di-, tri- and polyphosphates (70.1%), potassium sorbate (65.8%), potassium metabisulphite (44.8%), acesulfame K (34.0%), cochineal (33.9%), potassium nitrate (31.6%), sulfite ammonia caramel (28.8%), bixin (19.5%), monosodium glutamate (15.1%) and sucralose (13.5%). We identified and described five clusters of participants more specifically exposed to five distinct additive mixtures and one additional cluster gathering participants with overall low additive exposure. Food additives, including several for which health concerns are currently debated, were widely consumed in this population-based study. Furthermore, main mixtures of additives were identified. Their health impact and potential cocktail effects should be explored in future epidemiological and experimental studies.Eloi ChazelasNathalie Druesne-PecolloYounes EsseddikFabien Szabo de EdelenyiCédric AgaesseAlexandre De SaRebecca LutchiaPauline RebouillatBernard SrourCharlotte DebrasGaëlle Wendeu-FoyetInge HuybrechtsFabrice PierreXavier CoumoulChantal JuliaEmmanuelle Kesse-GuyotBenjamin AllèsPilar GalanSerge HercbergMélanie Deschasaux-TanguyMathilde TouvierNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021) |
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| topic |
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Medicine R Science Q Eloi Chazelas Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo Younes Esseddik Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi Cédric Agaesse Alexandre De Sa Rebecca Lutchia Pauline Rebouillat Bernard Srour Charlotte Debras Gaëlle Wendeu-Foyet Inge Huybrechts Fabrice Pierre Xavier Coumoul Chantal Julia Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot Benjamin Allès Pilar Galan Serge Hercberg Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy Mathilde Touvier Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort |
| description |
Abstract Food additives (e.g. artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, dyes, etc.) are ingested by billions of individuals daily. Some concerning results, mainly derived from animal and/or cell-based experimental studies, have recently emerged suggesting potential detrimental effects of several widely consumed additives. Profiles of additive exposure as well as the potential long-term impact of multiple exposure on human health are poorly documented. This work aimed to estimate the usual intake of food additives among participants of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort and to identify and describe profiles of exposure (single substances and mixtures). Overall, 106,489 adults from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study (2009-ongoing) were included. Consumption of 90 main food additives was evaluated using repeated 24 h dietary records including information on brands of commercial products. Qualitative information (as presence/absence) of each additive in food products was determined using 3 large-scale composition databases (OQALI, Open Food Facts, GNPD), accounting for the date of consumption of the product. Quantitative ingested doses were estimated using a combination of laboratory assays on food matrixes (n = 2677) and data from EFSA and JECFA. Exposure was estimated in mg per kg of body weight per day. Profiles of exposure to food additive mixtures were extracted using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) followed by k-means clustering as well as Graphical Lasso. Sociodemographic and dietary comparison of clusters of participants was performed by Chi-square tests or linear regressions. Data were weighted according to the national census. Forty-eight additives were consumed by more than 10% of the participants, with modified starches and citric acid consumed by more than 90%. The top 50 also included several food additives for which potential adverse health effects have been suggested by recent experimental studies: lecithins (86.6% consumers), mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (78.1%), carrageenan (77.5%), sodium nitrite (73.9%), di-, tri- and polyphosphates (70.1%), potassium sorbate (65.8%), potassium metabisulphite (44.8%), acesulfame K (34.0%), cochineal (33.9%), potassium nitrate (31.6%), sulfite ammonia caramel (28.8%), bixin (19.5%), monosodium glutamate (15.1%) and sucralose (13.5%). We identified and described five clusters of participants more specifically exposed to five distinct additive mixtures and one additional cluster gathering participants with overall low additive exposure. Food additives, including several for which health concerns are currently debated, were widely consumed in this population-based study. Furthermore, main mixtures of additives were identified. Their health impact and potential cocktail effects should be explored in future epidemiological and experimental studies. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Eloi Chazelas Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo Younes Esseddik Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi Cédric Agaesse Alexandre De Sa Rebecca Lutchia Pauline Rebouillat Bernard Srour Charlotte Debras Gaëlle Wendeu-Foyet Inge Huybrechts Fabrice Pierre Xavier Coumoul Chantal Julia Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot Benjamin Allès Pilar Galan Serge Hercberg Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy Mathilde Touvier |
| author_facet |
Eloi Chazelas Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo Younes Esseddik Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi Cédric Agaesse Alexandre De Sa Rebecca Lutchia Pauline Rebouillat Bernard Srour Charlotte Debras Gaëlle Wendeu-Foyet Inge Huybrechts Fabrice Pierre Xavier Coumoul Chantal Julia Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot Benjamin Allès Pilar Galan Serge Hercberg Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy Mathilde Touvier |
| author_sort |
Eloi Chazelas |
| title |
Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort |
| title_short |
Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort |
| title_full |
Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort |
| title_fullStr |
Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort |
| title_sort |
exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 french adults from the nutrinet-santé cohort |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/37e61ff3f21e4345a36e9091a4057aa4 |
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