A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts

The rapid growth in the human population has triggered increased demand for food supply, and in turn has prompted a higher amount of agrochemical usage to meet the gaps between food production and consumption. The problem with conventional agro-nanochemicals is the reduced effectiveness of the activ...

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Autores principales:	Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir, Asgar Ali, Fariz Adzmi, Mohd Roslan Sulaiman, Khairulmazmi Ahmad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	supramolecular chemistry host–guest nanopesticides layered hydroxides layered double hydroxide Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/37e9827bc9db4de082440c791053a330
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:37e9827bc9db4de082440c791053a3302021-11-25T16:46:48ZA Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts10.3390/biology101110772079-7737https://doaj.org/article/37e9827bc9db4de082440c791053a3302021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1077https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The rapid growth in the human population has triggered increased demand for food supply, and in turn has prompted a higher amount of agrochemical usage to meet the gaps between food production and consumption. The problem with conventional agro-nanochemicals is the reduced effectiveness of the active ingredient in reaching the target, along with leaching, evaporation, etc., which ultimately affect the environment and life, including humans. Fortunately, nanotechnology platforms offer a new life for conventional pesticides, which improves bioavailability through different kinetics, mechanisms and pathways on their target organisms, thus enabling them to suitably bypass biological and other unwanted resistances and therefore increase their efficacy. This review is intended to serve the scientific community for research, development and innovation (RDI) purposes, by providing an overview on the current status of the host–guest supramolecular chemistry of nanopesticides, focusing on only the two-dimensional (2D), brucite-like inorganic layered hydroxides, layered hydroxide salts and layered double hydroxides as the functional nanocarriers or as the hosts in smart nanodelivery systems of pesticides for plant protection. Zinc layered hydroxides and zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides were found to be the most popular choices of hosts, presumably due to their relative ease to prepare and cheap cost. Other hosts including Mg/Al-, Co/Cr-, Mg/Fe-, Mg/Al/Fe-, Zn/Cr- and Zn/Cu-LDHs were also used. This review also covers various pesticides which were used as the guest active agents using supramolecular host–guest chemistry to combat various pests for plant protection. This looks towards a new generation of agrochemicals, “agro-nanochemicals”, which are more effective, and friendly to life, humans and the environment.Syazwan Afif Mohd ZobirAsgar AliFariz AdzmiMohd Roslan SulaimanKhairulmazmi AhmadMDPI AGarticlesupramolecular chemistryhost–guestnanopesticideslayered hydroxideslayered double hydroxideBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1077, p 1077 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	supramolecular chemistry host–guest nanopesticides layered hydroxides layered double hydroxide Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	supramolecular chemistry host–guest nanopesticides layered hydroxides layered double hydroxide Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir Asgar Ali Fariz Adzmi Mohd Roslan Sulaiman Khairulmazmi Ahmad A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts
description	The rapid growth in the human population has triggered increased demand for food supply, and in turn has prompted a higher amount of agrochemical usage to meet the gaps between food production and consumption. The problem with conventional agro-nanochemicals is the reduced effectiveness of the active ingredient in reaching the target, along with leaching, evaporation, etc., which ultimately affect the environment and life, including humans. Fortunately, nanotechnology platforms offer a new life for conventional pesticides, which improves bioavailability through different kinetics, mechanisms and pathways on their target organisms, thus enabling them to suitably bypass biological and other unwanted resistances and therefore increase their efficacy. This review is intended to serve the scientific community for research, development and innovation (RDI) purposes, by providing an overview on the current status of the host–guest supramolecular chemistry of nanopesticides, focusing on only the two-dimensional (2D), brucite-like inorganic layered hydroxides, layered hydroxide salts and layered double hydroxides as the functional nanocarriers or as the hosts in smart nanodelivery systems of pesticides for plant protection. Zinc layered hydroxides and zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides were found to be the most popular choices of hosts, presumably due to their relative ease to prepare and cheap cost. Other hosts including Mg/Al-, Co/Cr-, Mg/Fe-, Mg/Al/Fe-, Zn/Cr- and Zn/Cu-LDHs were also used. This review also covers various pesticides which were used as the guest active agents using supramolecular host–guest chemistry to combat various pests for plant protection. This looks towards a new generation of agrochemicals, “agro-nanochemicals”, which are more effective, and friendly to life, humans and the environment.
format	article
author	Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir Asgar Ali Fariz Adzmi Mohd Roslan Sulaiman Khairulmazmi Ahmad
author_facet	Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir Asgar Ali Fariz Adzmi Mohd Roslan Sulaiman Khairulmazmi Ahmad
author_sort	Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir
title	A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts
title_short	A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts
title_full	A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts
title_fullStr	A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts
title_full_unstemmed	A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts
title_sort	review on nanopesticides for plant protection synthesized using the supramolecular chemistry of layered hydroxide hosts
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/37e9827bc9db4de082440c791053a330
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A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts

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