Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect

The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical...

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Autores principales:	Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud, Amal I. A. Makhlouf, Ammar B. Altemimi, Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany, Amr Nassrallah, Francesco Cacciola, Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	milk proteins Isabgol husk mucilage Nabeq mucilage milk proteins mucilage complexes anticancer activity Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/37ff98fe6f2043b2a8e1edf14afd3816
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:37ff98fe6f2043b2a8e1edf14afd38162021-11-11T18:24:09ZNano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect10.3390/molecules262163721420-3049https://doaj.org/article/37ff98fe6f2043b2a8e1edf14afd38162021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6372https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical properties of milk protein mucilage complexes (MPMC) including pH, Carr’s index, water solubility, and water absorption indices were measured, and the flow behavior was studied. In addition, the amino acid profile, protein digestibility, and phenolic and flavonoids content of MPMC were explored, and the microstructure of the complexes was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant and anticancer potencies of MPMC against two cancerous cell lines, human liver cancer HEPG-2 and breast cancer MCF-7, in comparison with two normal cell lines, namely, Bj-1 and MCF-12F, were tested using neutral red uptake assay. The results revealed that MPMC had scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and HS radicals. Moreover, MPMC has the potential to prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in Type-Fenton’s reaction. The results of the neutral red assay showed significant growth inhibition of both HEPG-2, MCF-7, whereas no significant cytotoxic effect was detected against Bj-1 and MCF-12F. RT-qPCR results indicated MPMC stimulated apoptosis as revealed by the upregulation of the pro-apoptosis gene markers Casepase-3, p53, Bax. Meanwhile, the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gene was downregulated. However, no significant difference was observed in normal cell lines treated with MPMC. In conclusion, MPMC can be considered as a promising anticancer entity that can be used in the development of novel cancer therapeutics with comparable activity and minimal side effects compared to conventional cancer chemotherapies.Ahmed Ali Abd El-MaksoudAmal I. A. MakhloufAmmar B. AltemimiIsmail H. Abd El-GhanyAmr NassrallahFrancesco CacciolaTarek Gamal AbedelmaksoudMDPI AGarticlemilk proteinsIsabgol husk mucilageNabeq mucilagemilk proteins mucilage complexesanticancer activityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6372, p 6372 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	milk proteins Isabgol husk mucilage Nabeq mucilage milk proteins mucilage complexes anticancer activity Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	milk proteins Isabgol husk mucilage Nabeq mucilage milk proteins mucilage complexes anticancer activity Organic chemistry QD241-441 Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud Amal I. A. Makhlouf Ammar B. Altemimi Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany Amr Nassrallah Francesco Cacciola Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
description	The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical properties of milk protein mucilage complexes (MPMC) including pH, Carr’s index, water solubility, and water absorption indices were measured, and the flow behavior was studied. In addition, the amino acid profile, protein digestibility, and phenolic and flavonoids content of MPMC were explored, and the microstructure of the complexes was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant and anticancer potencies of MPMC against two cancerous cell lines, human liver cancer HEPG-2 and breast cancer MCF-7, in comparison with two normal cell lines, namely, Bj-1 and MCF-12F, were tested using neutral red uptake assay. The results revealed that MPMC had scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and HS radicals. Moreover, MPMC has the potential to prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in Type-Fenton’s reaction. The results of the neutral red assay showed significant growth inhibition of both HEPG-2, MCF-7, whereas no significant cytotoxic effect was detected against Bj-1 and MCF-12F. RT-qPCR results indicated MPMC stimulated apoptosis as revealed by the upregulation of the pro-apoptosis gene markers Casepase-3, p53, Bax. Meanwhile, the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gene was downregulated. However, no significant difference was observed in normal cell lines treated with MPMC. In conclusion, MPMC can be considered as a promising anticancer entity that can be used in the development of novel cancer therapeutics with comparable activity and minimal side effects compared to conventional cancer chemotherapies.
format	article
author	Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud Amal I. A. Makhlouf Ammar B. Altemimi Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany Amr Nassrallah Francesco Cacciola Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud
author_facet	Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud Amal I. A. Makhlouf Ammar B. Altemimi Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany Amr Nassrallah Francesco Cacciola Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud
author_sort	Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud
title	Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
title_short	Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
title_full	Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
title_fullStr	Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
title_full_unstemmed	Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
title_sort	nano milk protein-mucilage complexes: characterization and anticancer effect
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/37ff98fe6f2043b2a8e1edf14afd3816
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Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect

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