Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus

Abstract Background A number of zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses have emerged in Europe in recent decades. Batai virus (BATV), a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus, is one example of a relatively newly emerged mosquito-borne virus, having been detected in mosquitoes and livestock. We conducted vecto...

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Autores principales:	Luis M. Hernández-Triana, Arran J. Folly, Elsa Barrero, Sarah Lumley, Maria del Mar Fernández de Marco, Sanam Sewgobind, Lorraine M. McElhinney, Anthony R. Fooks, Nicholas Johnson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Batai virus Vector competence Aedes Culex Emerging infectious diseases Zoonosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/38285369807d406b98966d9f0983706b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:38285369807d406b98966d9f0983706b2021-11-08T10:57:14ZOral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus10.1186/s13071-021-05070-01756-3305https://doaj.org/article/38285369807d406b98966d9f0983706b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05070-0https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305Abstract Background A number of zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses have emerged in Europe in recent decades. Batai virus (BATV), a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus, is one example of a relatively newly emerged mosquito-borne virus, having been detected in mosquitoes and livestock. We conducted vector competency studies on three mosquito species at a low temperature to assess whether Aedes and Culex mosquito species are susceptible to infection with BATV. Methods Colonised lines of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens and a wild-caught species, Aedes detritus, were orally inoculated with BATV strain 53.2, originally isolated from mosquitoes trapped in Germany in 2009. Groups of blood-fed female mosquitoes were maintained at 20 °C for 7 or 14 days. Individual mosquitoes were screened for the presence of BATV in body, leg and saliva samples for evidence of infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. BATV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR, and positive results confirmed by virus isolation in Vero cells. Results Aedes detritus was highly susceptible to BATV, with an infection prevalence of ≥ 80% at both measurement time points. Disseminated infections were recorded in 30.7–41.6% of Ae. detritus, and evidence of virus transmission with BATV in saliva samples (n = 1, days post-infection: 14) was observed. Relatively lower rates of infection for Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens were observed, with no evidence of virus dissemination or transmission at either time point. Conclusions This study shows that Ae. detritus may be a competent vector for BATV at 20 °C, whereas Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens were not competent. Critically, the extrinsic incubation period appears to be ≤ 7 days for Ae. detritus, which may increase the onward transmissibility potential of BATV in these populations. Graphical AbstractLuis M. Hernández-TrianaArran J. FollyElsa BarreroSarah LumleyMaria del Mar Fernández de MarcoSanam SewgobindLorraine M. McElhinneyAnthony R. FooksNicholas JohnsonBMCarticleBatai virusVector competenceAedesCulexEmerging infectious diseasesZoonosisInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENParasites & Vectors, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Batai virus Vector competence Aedes Culex Emerging infectious diseases Zoonosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	Batai virus Vector competence Aedes Culex Emerging infectious diseases Zoonosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Luis M. Hernández-Triana Arran J. Folly Elsa Barrero Sarah Lumley Maria del Mar Fernández de Marco Sanam Sewgobind Lorraine M. McElhinney Anthony R. Fooks Nicholas Johnson Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus
description	Abstract Background A number of zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses have emerged in Europe in recent decades. Batai virus (BATV), a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus, is one example of a relatively newly emerged mosquito-borne virus, having been detected in mosquitoes and livestock. We conducted vector competency studies on three mosquito species at a low temperature to assess whether Aedes and Culex mosquito species are susceptible to infection with BATV. Methods Colonised lines of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens and a wild-caught species, Aedes detritus, were orally inoculated with BATV strain 53.2, originally isolated from mosquitoes trapped in Germany in 2009. Groups of blood-fed female mosquitoes were maintained at 20 °C for 7 or 14 days. Individual mosquitoes were screened for the presence of BATV in body, leg and saliva samples for evidence of infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. BATV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR, and positive results confirmed by virus isolation in Vero cells. Results Aedes detritus was highly susceptible to BATV, with an infection prevalence of ≥ 80% at both measurement time points. Disseminated infections were recorded in 30.7–41.6% of Ae. detritus, and evidence of virus transmission with BATV in saliva samples (n = 1, days post-infection: 14) was observed. Relatively lower rates of infection for Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens were observed, with no evidence of virus dissemination or transmission at either time point. Conclusions This study shows that Ae. detritus may be a competent vector for BATV at 20 °C, whereas Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens were not competent. Critically, the extrinsic incubation period appears to be ≤ 7 days for Ae. detritus, which may increase the onward transmissibility potential of BATV in these populations. Graphical Abstract
format	article
author	Luis M. Hernández-Triana Arran J. Folly Elsa Barrero Sarah Lumley Maria del Mar Fernández de Marco Sanam Sewgobind Lorraine M. McElhinney Anthony R. Fooks Nicholas Johnson
author_facet	Luis M. Hernández-Triana Arran J. Folly Elsa Barrero Sarah Lumley Maria del Mar Fernández de Marco Sanam Sewgobind Lorraine M. McElhinney Anthony R. Fooks Nicholas Johnson
author_sort	Luis M. Hernández-Triana
title	Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus
title_short	Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus
title_full	Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus
title_fullStr	Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus
title_full_unstemmed	Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus
title_sort	oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to batai orthobunyavirus
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/38285369807d406b98966d9f0983706b
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Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai Orthobunyavirus

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