Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB

ABSTRACT A novel dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacterium (DPRB), Arcobacter sp. strain CAB, was isolated from a marina in Berkeley, CA. Phylogenetically, this halophile was most closely related to Arcobacter defluvii strain SW30-2 and Arcobacter ellisii. With acetate as the electron donor, stra...

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Autores principales:	Charlotte I. Carlström, Ouwei Wang, Ryan A. Melnyk, Stefan Bauer, Joyce Lee, Anna Engelbrektson, John D. Coates
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Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3854a9a9405c44768a869cba0d57038d2021-11-15T15:40:06ZPhysiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB10.1128/mBio.00217-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/3854a9a9405c44768a869cba0d57038d2013-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00217-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT A novel dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacterium (DPRB), Arcobacter sp. strain CAB, was isolated from a marina in Berkeley, CA. Phylogenetically, this halophile was most closely related to Arcobacter defluvii strain SW30-2 and Arcobacter ellisii. With acetate as the electron donor, strain CAB completely reduced perchlorate (ClO4−) or chlorate (ClO3−) [collectively designated (per)chlorate] to innocuous chloride (Cl−), likely using the perchlorate reductase (Pcr) and chlorite dismutase (Cld) enzymes. When grown with perchlorate, optimum growth was observed at 25 to 30°C, pH 7, and 3% NaCl. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) preparations were dominated by free-swimming straight rods with 1 to 2 polar flagella per cell. Strain CAB utilized a variety of organic acids, fructose, and hydrogen as electron donors coupled to (per)chlorate reduction. Further, under anoxic growth conditions strain CAB utilized the biogenic oxygen produced as a result of chlorite dismutation to oxidize catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway of aerobic catechol degradation and the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme. In addition to (per)chlorate, oxygen and nitrate were alternatively used as electron acceptors. The 3.48-Mb draft genome encoded a distinct perchlorate reduction island (PRI) containing several transposases. The genome lacks the pcrC gene, which was previously thought to be essential for (per)chlorate reduction, and appears to use an unrelated Arcobacter c-type cytochrome to perform the same function. IMPORTANCE The study of dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) has largely focused on freshwater, mesophilic, neutral-pH environments. This study identifies a novel marine DPRB in the genus Arcobacter that represents the first description of a DPRB associated with the Campylobacteraceae. Strain CAB is currently the only epsilonproteobacterial DPRB in pure culture. The genome of strain CAB lacks the pcrC gene found in all other DPRB tested, demonstrating a new variation on the (per)chlorate reduction pathway. The ability of strain CAB to oxidize catechol via the oxygenase-dependent meta-cleavage pathway in the absence of external oxygen by using the biogenic oxygen produced from the dismutation of chlorite provides a valuable model for understanding the anaerobic degradation of a broad diversity of xenobiotics which are recalcitrant to anaerobic metabolism but labile to oxygenase-dependent mechanisms.Charlotte I. CarlströmOuwei WangRyan A. MelnykStefan BauerJoyce LeeAnna EngelbrektsonJohn D. CoatesAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 3 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Charlotte I. Carlström Ouwei Wang Ryan A. Melnyk Stefan Bauer Joyce Lee Anna Engelbrektson John D. Coates Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB
description	ABSTRACT A novel dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacterium (DPRB), Arcobacter sp. strain CAB, was isolated from a marina in Berkeley, CA. Phylogenetically, this halophile was most closely related to Arcobacter defluvii strain SW30-2 and Arcobacter ellisii. With acetate as the electron donor, strain CAB completely reduced perchlorate (ClO4−) or chlorate (ClO3−) [collectively designated (per)chlorate] to innocuous chloride (Cl−), likely using the perchlorate reductase (Pcr) and chlorite dismutase (Cld) enzymes. When grown with perchlorate, optimum growth was observed at 25 to 30°C, pH 7, and 3% NaCl. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) preparations were dominated by free-swimming straight rods with 1 to 2 polar flagella per cell. Strain CAB utilized a variety of organic acids, fructose, and hydrogen as electron donors coupled to (per)chlorate reduction. Further, under anoxic growth conditions strain CAB utilized the biogenic oxygen produced as a result of chlorite dismutation to oxidize catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway of aerobic catechol degradation and the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme. In addition to (per)chlorate, oxygen and nitrate were alternatively used as electron acceptors. The 3.48-Mb draft genome encoded a distinct perchlorate reduction island (PRI) containing several transposases. The genome lacks the pcrC gene, which was previously thought to be essential for (per)chlorate reduction, and appears to use an unrelated Arcobacter c-type cytochrome to perform the same function. IMPORTANCE The study of dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) has largely focused on freshwater, mesophilic, neutral-pH environments. This study identifies a novel marine DPRB in the genus Arcobacter that represents the first description of a DPRB associated with the Campylobacteraceae. Strain CAB is currently the only epsilonproteobacterial DPRB in pure culture. The genome of strain CAB lacks the pcrC gene found in all other DPRB tested, demonstrating a new variation on the (per)chlorate reduction pathway. The ability of strain CAB to oxidize catechol via the oxygenase-dependent meta-cleavage pathway in the absence of external oxygen by using the biogenic oxygen produced from the dismutation of chlorite provides a valuable model for understanding the anaerobic degradation of a broad diversity of xenobiotics which are recalcitrant to anaerobic metabolism but labile to oxygenase-dependent mechanisms.
format	article
author	Charlotte I. Carlström Ouwei Wang Ryan A. Melnyk Stefan Bauer Joyce Lee Anna Engelbrektson John D. Coates
author_facet	Charlotte I. Carlström Ouwei Wang Ryan A. Melnyk Stefan Bauer Joyce Lee Anna Engelbrektson John D. Coates
author_sort	Charlotte I. Carlström
title	Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB
title_short	Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB
title_full	Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB
title_fullStr	Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB
title_full_unstemmed	Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB
title_sort	physiological and genetic description of dissimilatory perchlorate reduction by the novel marine bacterium <italic toggle="yes">arcobacter</italic> sp. strain cab
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/3854a9a9405c44768a869cba0d57038d
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Physiological and Genetic Description of Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction by the Novel Marine Bacterium <italic toggle="yes">Arcobacter</italic> sp. Strain CAB

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