Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.

<h4>Background</h4>Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) was detected in Chad in 2010 after a supposed ten-year absence, posing a challenge to the global eradication effort. Initiation of a village-based surveillance system in 2012 revealed a substantial number of dogs infected with Guine...

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Autores principales:	Jessica V Ribado, Nancy J Li, Elizabeth Thiele, Hil Lyons, James A Cotton, Adam Weiss, Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou, Tchonfienet Moundai, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Sarah Anne J Guagliardo, Guillaume Chabot-Couture, Joshua L Proctor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/385662e8e5df436483e0d85fe4051290
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:385662e8e5df436483e0d85fe40512902021-11-25T06:33:28ZLinked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009609https://doaj.org/article/385662e8e5df436483e0d85fe40512902021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009609https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) was detected in Chad in 2010 after a supposed ten-year absence, posing a challenge to the global eradication effort. Initiation of a village-based surveillance system in 2012 revealed a substantial number of dogs infected with Guinea worm, raising questions about paratenic hosts and cross-species transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We coupled genomic and surveillance case data from 2012-2018 to investigate the modes of transmission between dog and human hosts and the geographic connectivity of worms. Eighty-six variants across four genes in the mitochondrial genome identified 41 genetically distinct worm genotypes. Spatiotemporal modeling revealed worms with the same genotype ('genetically identical') were within a median range of 18.6 kilometers of each other, but largely within approximately 50 kilometers. Genetically identical worms varied in their degree of spatial clustering, suggesting there may be different factors that favor or constrain transmission. Each worm was surrounded by five to ten genetically distinct worms within a 50 kilometer radius. As expected, we observed a change in the genetic similarity distribution between pairs of worms using variants across the complete mitochondrial genome in an independent population.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>In the largest study linking genetic and surveillance data to date of Guinea worm cases in Chad, we show genetic identity and modeling can facilitate the understanding of local transmission. The co-occurrence of genetically non-identical worms in quantitatively identified transmission ranges highlights the necessity for genomic tools to link cases. The improved discrimination between pairs of worms from variants identified across the complete mitochondrial genome suggests that expanding the number of genomic markers could link cases at a finer scale. These results suggest that scaling up genomic surveillance for Guinea worm may provide additional value for programmatic decision-making critical for monitoring cases and intervention efficacy to achieve elimination.Jessica V RibadoNancy J LiElizabeth ThieleHil LyonsJames A CottonAdam WeissPhilippe Tchindebet OuakouTchonfienet MoundaiHubert ZirimwabagaboSarah Anne J GuagliardoGuillaume Chabot-CoutureJoshua L ProctorPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0009609 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Jessica V Ribado Nancy J Li Elizabeth Thiele Hil Lyons James A Cotton Adam Weiss Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou Tchonfienet Moundai Hubert Zirimwabagabo Sarah Anne J Guagliardo Guillaume Chabot-Couture Joshua L Proctor Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) was detected in Chad in 2010 after a supposed ten-year absence, posing a challenge to the global eradication effort. Initiation of a village-based surveillance system in 2012 revealed a substantial number of dogs infected with Guinea worm, raising questions about paratenic hosts and cross-species transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We coupled genomic and surveillance case data from 2012-2018 to investigate the modes of transmission between dog and human hosts and the geographic connectivity of worms. Eighty-six variants across four genes in the mitochondrial genome identified 41 genetically distinct worm genotypes. Spatiotemporal modeling revealed worms with the same genotype ('genetically identical') were within a median range of 18.6 kilometers of each other, but largely within approximately 50 kilometers. Genetically identical worms varied in their degree of spatial clustering, suggesting there may be different factors that favor or constrain transmission. Each worm was surrounded by five to ten genetically distinct worms within a 50 kilometer radius. As expected, we observed a change in the genetic similarity distribution between pairs of worms using variants across the complete mitochondrial genome in an independent population.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>In the largest study linking genetic and surveillance data to date of Guinea worm cases in Chad, we show genetic identity and modeling can facilitate the understanding of local transmission. The co-occurrence of genetically non-identical worms in quantitatively identified transmission ranges highlights the necessity for genomic tools to link cases. The improved discrimination between pairs of worms from variants identified across the complete mitochondrial genome suggests that expanding the number of genomic markers could link cases at a finer scale. These results suggest that scaling up genomic surveillance for Guinea worm may provide additional value for programmatic decision-making critical for monitoring cases and intervention efficacy to achieve elimination.
format	article
author	Jessica V Ribado Nancy J Li Elizabeth Thiele Hil Lyons James A Cotton Adam Weiss Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou Tchonfienet Moundai Hubert Zirimwabagabo Sarah Anne J Guagliardo Guillaume Chabot-Couture Joshua L Proctor
author_facet	Jessica V Ribado Nancy J Li Elizabeth Thiele Hil Lyons James A Cotton Adam Weiss Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou Tchonfienet Moundai Hubert Zirimwabagabo Sarah Anne J Guagliardo Guillaume Chabot-Couture Joshua L Proctor
author_sort	Jessica V Ribado
title	Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.
title_short	Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.
title_full	Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.
title_fullStr	Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.
title_full_unstemmed	Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.
title_sort	linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of guinea worm transmission in chad.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/385662e8e5df436483e0d85fe4051290
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Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.

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