Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study

Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi,1 Furkaan Majied Hamied2 1Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; 2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, IraqCorrespondence: Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi Email loay.almusawi@uobasrah.edu....

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Autores principales:	Almusawi LA, Hamied FM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	keratoconus corneal ectasia childhood eye rubbing parental consanguinity Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/386a2c12bca34d118bfefe3761ebed2c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:386a2c12bca34d118bfefe3761ebed2c2021-12-02T16:45:32ZRisk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/386a2c12bca34d118bfefe3761ebed2c2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/risk-factors-for-development-of-keratoconus-a-matched-pair-case-contro-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi,1 Furkaan Majied Hamied2 1Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; 2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, IraqCorrespondence: Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi Email loay.almusawi@uobasrah.edu.iqBackground: Keratoconus, a progressive ectatic corneal disorder, is believed to be multifactorial in etiology with interaction between genetic and environmental factors. To date, risk factors for the development of the disease are extensively debated and need to be identified since they play a critical role in disease prevention and management. This study aimed to analyze associations between several hereditary and environmental predictors and the development of keratoconus.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective matched pair case-control study. The study was conducted in Ibn-Alhaitham eye teaching hospital between March 2016 and April 2017. Patients with keratoconus (cases) and their age- and gender-matched controls were asked about childhood and early teenage eye rubbing, ocular trauma, obesity, contact lens wear, smoking and sunlight exposure, family history of keratoconus, parental consanguinity and information related to socio-economic status. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to test the significance of associations.Results: A total of 166 individuals (83 cases and 83 controls; 60.2% female) were included. On univariable analysis, eye rubbing, family history of keratoconus and parental consanguinity were significant risk factors for keratoconus, whereas all other factors were non-significant. On multivariable analysis, eye rubbing (odds ratio: 4.93; P < 0.01), family history of keratoconus (odds ratio: 25.52; P < 0.01) and parental consanguinity (odds ratio: 2.89; P = 0.02), again, emerged as significant risk factors for disease development.Conclusion: Family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, and parental consanguinity were significant risk factors for keratoconus development. These results support the evidence for multifactorial etiology, the most important factor being hereditary predisposition.Keywords: keratoconus, corneal ectasia, childhood eye rubbing, parental consanguinityAlmusawi LAHamied FMDove Medical Pressarticlekeratoconuscorneal ectasiachildhood eye rubbingparental consanguinityOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 15, Pp 3473-3479 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	keratoconus corneal ectasia childhood eye rubbing parental consanguinity Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	keratoconus corneal ectasia childhood eye rubbing parental consanguinity Ophthalmology RE1-994 Almusawi LA Hamied FM Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study
description	Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi,1 Furkaan Majied Hamied2 1Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; 2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, IraqCorrespondence: Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi Email loay.almusawi@uobasrah.edu.iqBackground: Keratoconus, a progressive ectatic corneal disorder, is believed to be multifactorial in etiology with interaction between genetic and environmental factors. To date, risk factors for the development of the disease are extensively debated and need to be identified since they play a critical role in disease prevention and management. This study aimed to analyze associations between several hereditary and environmental predictors and the development of keratoconus.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective matched pair case-control study. The study was conducted in Ibn-Alhaitham eye teaching hospital between March 2016 and April 2017. Patients with keratoconus (cases) and their age- and gender-matched controls were asked about childhood and early teenage eye rubbing, ocular trauma, obesity, contact lens wear, smoking and sunlight exposure, family history of keratoconus, parental consanguinity and information related to socio-economic status. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to test the significance of associations.Results: A total of 166 individuals (83 cases and 83 controls; 60.2% female) were included. On univariable analysis, eye rubbing, family history of keratoconus and parental consanguinity were significant risk factors for keratoconus, whereas all other factors were non-significant. On multivariable analysis, eye rubbing (odds ratio: 4.93; P < 0.01), family history of keratoconus (odds ratio: 25.52; P < 0.01) and parental consanguinity (odds ratio: 2.89; P = 0.02), again, emerged as significant risk factors for disease development.Conclusion: Family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, and parental consanguinity were significant risk factors for keratoconus development. These results support the evidence for multifactorial etiology, the most important factor being hereditary predisposition.Keywords: keratoconus, corneal ectasia, childhood eye rubbing, parental consanguinity
format	article
author	Almusawi LA Hamied FM
author_facet	Almusawi LA Hamied FM
author_sort	Almusawi LA
title	Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study
title_short	Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study
title_full	Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study
title_fullStr	Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed	Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study
title_sort	risk factors for development of keratoconus: a matched pair case-control study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/386a2c12bca34d118bfefe3761ebed2c
work_keys_str_mv	AT almusawila riskfactorsfordevelopmentofkeratoconusamatchedpaircasecontrolstudy AT hamiedfm riskfactorsfordevelopmentofkeratoconusamatchedpaircasecontrolstudy
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Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study

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