Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas

Previous reports indicate that red pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani) may experience fetal loss during gestation; however, neither the rate nor timing of pregnancy failure has been described in this species. The objective of this study was to utilize ultrasound video and images collected between 2010 a...

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Autores principales:	Jenna Lowe, Erin Curry
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Bioscientifica 2021
Materias:	carnivore reproduction delayed implantation embryonic diapause wildlife pseudopregnancy ultrasonography Reproduction QH471-489 Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0079 https://doaj.org/article/38903d09f8e142c78e1597ce4f2f4e3a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:38903d09f8e142c78e1597ce4f2f4e3a2021-11-16T07:18:19ZIncidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandashttps://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-00792633-8386https://doaj.org/article/38903d09f8e142c78e1597ce4f2f4e3a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/2/4/RAF-21-0079.xmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386Previous reports indicate that red pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani) may experience fetal loss during gestation; however, neither the rate nor timing of pregnancy failure has been described in this species. The objective of this study was to utilize ultrasound video and images collected between 2010 and 2020 at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to better characterize pregnancy loss and fetal development. Trans-abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed on six female red pandas over a 10-year period, resulting in 12 profiles. Pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasound in 10 of 12 profiles, and 40.0% of pregnancies showed evidence of fetal loss prior to parturition. Pregnancy loss was classified into lost (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which no cubs were produced, or partial loss (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which two concepti were visualized via ultrasound, but only one cub was born. Fetal loss occurred between days 51 and 23 pre-partum. Fetal growth characteristics were documented, including skeletal ossification (occurring between days 32 and 27 pre-partum), crown-rump length, head length, cranial length, and fetal heart rate (173–206 b.p.m.). These findings provide novel insights into pregnancy loss, may serve as a reference for milestones of fetal development, and may be useful in diagnosing pregnancy and assessing pregnancy loss in red pandas.Jenna LoweErin CurryBioscientificaarticlecarnivore reproductiondelayed implantationembryonic diapausewildlifepseudopregnancyultrasonographyReproductionQH471-489Gynecology and obstetricsRG1-991ENReproduction and Fertility, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 292-299 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carnivore reproduction delayed implantation embryonic diapause wildlife pseudopregnancy ultrasonography Reproduction QH471-489 Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991
spellingShingle	carnivore reproduction delayed implantation embryonic diapause wildlife pseudopregnancy ultrasonography Reproduction QH471-489 Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Jenna Lowe Erin Curry Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
description	Previous reports indicate that red pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani) may experience fetal loss during gestation; however, neither the rate nor timing of pregnancy failure has been described in this species. The objective of this study was to utilize ultrasound video and images collected between 2010 and 2020 at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to better characterize pregnancy loss and fetal development. Trans-abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed on six female red pandas over a 10-year period, resulting in 12 profiles. Pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasound in 10 of 12 profiles, and 40.0% of pregnancies showed evidence of fetal loss prior to parturition. Pregnancy loss was classified into lost (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which no cubs were produced, or partial loss (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which two concepti were visualized via ultrasound, but only one cub was born. Fetal loss occurred between days 51 and 23 pre-partum. Fetal growth characteristics were documented, including skeletal ossification (occurring between days 32 and 27 pre-partum), crown-rump length, head length, cranial length, and fetal heart rate (173–206 b.p.m.). These findings provide novel insights into pregnancy loss, may serve as a reference for milestones of fetal development, and may be useful in diagnosing pregnancy and assessing pregnancy loss in red pandas.
format	article
author	Jenna Lowe Erin Curry
author_facet	Jenna Lowe Erin Curry
author_sort	Jenna Lowe
title	Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
title_short	Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
title_full	Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
title_fullStr	Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
title_full_unstemmed	Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
title_sort	incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas
publisher	Bioscientifica
publishDate	2021
url	https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0079 https://doaj.org/article/38903d09f8e142c78e1597ce4f2f4e3a
work_keys_str_mv	AT jennalowe incidenceofpregnancylossandcharacterizationoffetaldevelopmentinredpandas AT erincurry incidenceofpregnancylossandcharacterizationoffetaldevelopmentinredpandas
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Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas

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