Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>

The physiological state of an insect depends on efficiently functioning immune mechanisms such as cellular and humoral defenses. However, compounds participating in these mechanisms also regulate reproductive caste formation and are responsible for reproductive division of labor as well as for labor...

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Autores principales:	Aneta Strachecka, Paweł Migdał, Karolina Kuszewska, Patrycja Skowronek, Marcin Grabowski, Jerzy Paleolog, Michał Woyciechowski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fat body hemocytes honeybee immunity juvenile hormone rebels Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/389265628ae54534aee90d1e208cb40d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:389265628ae54534aee90d1e208cb40d2021-11-25T16:47:26ZHumoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>10.3390/biology101111462079-7737https://doaj.org/article/389265628ae54534aee90d1e208cb40d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1146https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The physiological state of an insect depends on efficiently functioning immune mechanisms such as cellular and humoral defenses. However, compounds participating in these mechanisms also regulate reproductive caste formation and are responsible for reproductive division of labor as well as for labor division in sterile workers. Divergent reaction of the same genotype yielding reproductive queens and worker castes led to shaping of the physiological and behavioral plasticity of sterile or reproductive workers. Rebels that can lay eggs while maintaining tasks inside and outside the colony exhibit both queen and worker traits. So, we expected that the phagocytic index, JH3 titer, and Vg concentration would be higher in rebels than in normal workers and would increase with their age. We also assumed that the numbers of oenocytes and their sizes would be greater in rebels than in normal workers. The rebels and the normal workers were collected at the age of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Hemolymph and fat bodies were collected for biochemical and morphological analyses. The high levels of JH, Vg, and the phagocytic index, as well as increased numbers and sizes of oenocytes in the fat body cells demonstrate the physiological and phenotypic adaptation of rebels to the eusocial life of honeybees.Aneta StracheckaPaweł MigdałKarolina KuszewskaPatrycja SkowronekMarcin GrabowskiJerzy PaleologMichał WoyciechowskiMDPI AGarticlefat bodyhemocyteshoneybeeimmunityjuvenile hormonerebelsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1146, p 1146 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fat body hemocytes honeybee immunity juvenile hormone rebels Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	fat body hemocytes honeybee immunity juvenile hormone rebels Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Aneta Strachecka Paweł Migdał Karolina Kuszewska Patrycja Skowronek Marcin Grabowski Jerzy Paleolog Michał Woyciechowski Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
description	The physiological state of an insect depends on efficiently functioning immune mechanisms such as cellular and humoral defenses. However, compounds participating in these mechanisms also regulate reproductive caste formation and are responsible for reproductive division of labor as well as for labor division in sterile workers. Divergent reaction of the same genotype yielding reproductive queens and worker castes led to shaping of the physiological and behavioral plasticity of sterile or reproductive workers. Rebels that can lay eggs while maintaining tasks inside and outside the colony exhibit both queen and worker traits. So, we expected that the phagocytic index, JH3 titer, and Vg concentration would be higher in rebels than in normal workers and would increase with their age. We also assumed that the numbers of oenocytes and their sizes would be greater in rebels than in normal workers. The rebels and the normal workers were collected at the age of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Hemolymph and fat bodies were collected for biochemical and morphological analyses. The high levels of JH, Vg, and the phagocytic index, as well as increased numbers and sizes of oenocytes in the fat body cells demonstrate the physiological and phenotypic adaptation of rebels to the eusocial life of honeybees.
format	article
author	Aneta Strachecka Paweł Migdał Karolina Kuszewska Patrycja Skowronek Marcin Grabowski Jerzy Paleolog Michał Woyciechowski
author_facet	Aneta Strachecka Paweł Migdał Karolina Kuszewska Patrycja Skowronek Marcin Grabowski Jerzy Paleolog Michał Woyciechowski
author_sort	Aneta Strachecka
title	Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
title_short	Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
title_full	Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
title_fullStr	Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
title_sort	humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in rebel workers of <i>apis mellifera</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/389265628ae54534aee90d1e208cb40d
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Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of <i>Apis mellifera</i>

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