A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion
This retrospective controlled clinical study aimed to verify if intensive neurorehabilitation (INR) could improve ambulation faster than spontaneous recovery or conventional physiotherapy and provide a possible therapeutic approach in post-surgical paraplegic deep pain perception-positive (DPP<su...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:38c1ba8951184577ac214abd73478f112021-11-25T16:13:57ZA Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion10.3390/ani111130342076-2615https://doaj.org/article/38c1ba8951184577ac214abd73478f112021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3034https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615This retrospective controlled clinical study aimed to verify if intensive neurorehabilitation (INR) could improve ambulation faster than spontaneous recovery or conventional physiotherapy and provide a possible therapeutic approach in post-surgical paraplegic deep pain perception-positive (DPP<sup>+</sup>) (with absent/decreased flexor reflex) and DPP-negative (DDP<sup>−</sup>) dogs, with acute intervertebral disc extrusion. A large cohort of T10-L3 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) dogs (<i>n</i> = 367) were divided into a study group (SG) (<i>n</i> = 262) and a control group (CG) (<i>n</i> = 105). The SG was based on prospective clinical cases, and the CG was created by retrospective medical records. All SG dogs performed an INR protocol by the hospitalization regime based on locomotor training, electrical stimulation, and, for DPP<sup>−</sup>, a combination with pharmacological management. All were monitored throughout the process, and measuring the outcome for DPP<sup>+</sup> was performed by OFS and, for the DPP<sup>−</sup>, by the new Functional Neurorehabilitation Scale (FNRS-DPP<sup>−</sup>). In the SG, DPP<sup>+</sup> dogs had an ambulation rate of 99.4% (<i>n</i> = 167) and, in DPP<sup>−</sup>, of 58.5% (<i>n</i> = 55). Moreover, in DPP<sup>+</sup>, there was a strong statistically significant difference between groups regarding ambulation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The same significant difference was verified in the DPP<sup>–</sup> dogs (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Furthermore, a tendency toward a significant statistical difference (<i>p</i> = 0.058) regarding DPP recovery was demonstrated between groups. Of the 59 dogs that did not recover DPP, 22 dogs achieved spinal reflex locomotion (SRL), 37.2% within a maximum of 3 months. The progressive myelomalacia cases were 14.9% (14/94). Therefore, although it is difficult to assess the contribution of INR for recovery, the results suggested that ambulation success may be improved, mainly regarding time.Ângela MartinsDébora GouveiaAna CardosoCarla CarvalhoTiago CoelhoCátia SilvaInês ViegasÓscar GamboaAntónio FerreiraMDPI AGarticlespinal cord injurylocomotor trainingfunctional electrical stimulationtranscutaneous electrical SC stimulation4-aminopyridineneurorehabilitationVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3034, p 3034 (2021) |
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| topic |
spinal cord injury locomotor training functional electrical stimulation transcutaneous electrical SC stimulation 4-aminopyridine neurorehabilitation Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 |
| spellingShingle |
spinal cord injury locomotor training functional electrical stimulation transcutaneous electrical SC stimulation 4-aminopyridine neurorehabilitation Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Ângela Martins Débora Gouveia Ana Cardoso Carla Carvalho Tiago Coelho Cátia Silva Inês Viegas Óscar Gamboa António Ferreira A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion |
| description |
This retrospective controlled clinical study aimed to verify if intensive neurorehabilitation (INR) could improve ambulation faster than spontaneous recovery or conventional physiotherapy and provide a possible therapeutic approach in post-surgical paraplegic deep pain perception-positive (DPP<sup>+</sup>) (with absent/decreased flexor reflex) and DPP-negative (DDP<sup>−</sup>) dogs, with acute intervertebral disc extrusion. A large cohort of T10-L3 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) dogs (<i>n</i> = 367) were divided into a study group (SG) (<i>n</i> = 262) and a control group (CG) (<i>n</i> = 105). The SG was based on prospective clinical cases, and the CG was created by retrospective medical records. All SG dogs performed an INR protocol by the hospitalization regime based on locomotor training, electrical stimulation, and, for DPP<sup>−</sup>, a combination with pharmacological management. All were monitored throughout the process, and measuring the outcome for DPP<sup>+</sup> was performed by OFS and, for the DPP<sup>−</sup>, by the new Functional Neurorehabilitation Scale (FNRS-DPP<sup>−</sup>). In the SG, DPP<sup>+</sup> dogs had an ambulation rate of 99.4% (<i>n</i> = 167) and, in DPP<sup>−</sup>, of 58.5% (<i>n</i> = 55). Moreover, in DPP<sup>+</sup>, there was a strong statistically significant difference between groups regarding ambulation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The same significant difference was verified in the DPP<sup>–</sup> dogs (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Furthermore, a tendency toward a significant statistical difference (<i>p</i> = 0.058) regarding DPP recovery was demonstrated between groups. Of the 59 dogs that did not recover DPP, 22 dogs achieved spinal reflex locomotion (SRL), 37.2% within a maximum of 3 months. The progressive myelomalacia cases were 14.9% (14/94). Therefore, although it is difficult to assess the contribution of INR for recovery, the results suggested that ambulation success may be improved, mainly regarding time. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Ângela Martins Débora Gouveia Ana Cardoso Carla Carvalho Tiago Coelho Cátia Silva Inês Viegas Óscar Gamboa António Ferreira |
| author_facet |
Ângela Martins Débora Gouveia Ana Cardoso Carla Carvalho Tiago Coelho Cátia Silva Inês Viegas Óscar Gamboa António Ferreira |
| author_sort |
Ângela Martins |
| title |
A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion |
| title_short |
A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion |
| title_full |
A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion |
| title_fullStr |
A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Post-Surgical Dogs with Severe Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion |
| title_sort |
controlled clinical study of intensive neurorehabilitation in post-surgical dogs with severe acute intervertebral disc extrusion |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/38c1ba8951184577ac214abd73478f11 |
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