Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults

Background: Walking in the “real world” involves motor and cognitive processes. In relation to this, declines in both motor function and cognition contribute to age-related gait dysfunction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and treadmill walking (STW) have potential to improve gait, pa...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Diego Orcioli-Silva, Aisha Islam, Mark R. Baker, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi, Lynn Rochester, Annette Pantall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	non-invasive brain stimulation functional near-infrared spectroscopy locomotion cognition ageing Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/39026097548346d8b404559fdb08033e
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:39026097548346d8b404559fdb08033e
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:39026097548346d8b404559fdb08033e2021-12-03T16:01:07ZBi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults1663-436510.3389/fnagi.2021.739998https://doaj.org/article/39026097548346d8b404559fdb08033e2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.739998/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-4365Background: Walking in the “real world” involves motor and cognitive processes. In relation to this, declines in both motor function and cognition contribute to age-related gait dysfunction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and treadmill walking (STW) have potential to improve gait, particularly during dual-task walking (DTW); walking whilst performing a cognitive task. Our aims were to analyze effects of combined anodal tDCS + STW intervention on cortical activity and gait during DTW.Methods: Twenty-three young adults (YA) and 21 older adults (OA) were randomly allocated to active or sham tDCS stimulation groups. Participants performed 5-min of mixed treadmill walking (alternating 30 s bouts of STW and DTW) before and after a 20-min intervention of active or sham tDCS + STW. Anodal electrodes were placed over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the vertex (Cz) using 9 cm2 electrodes at 0.6 mA. Cortical activity of the PFC, primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA) bilaterally were recorded using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) levels were analyzed as indicators of cortical activity. An accelerometer measured gait parameters. We calculated the difference between DTW and STW for HbO2 and gait parameters. We applied linear mixed effects models which included age group (YA vs. OA), stimulation condition (sham vs. active), and time (pre- vs. post-intervention) as fixed effects. Treadmill belt speed was a covariate. Partial correlation tests were also performed.Results: A main effect of age group was observed. OA displayed higher activity bilaterally in the PFC and M1, unilaterally in the right PMC and higher gait variability than YA. M1 activity decreased in both YA and OA following active tDCS + STW. There was no overall effect of tDCS + STW on PFC activity or gait parameters. However, negative correlations were observed between changes in left PFC and stride length variability following active tDCS + STW intervention.Conclusion: Increased activity in multiple cortical areas during DTW in OA may act as a compensatory mechanism. Reduction in M1 activity following active tDCS + STW with no observed gait changes suggests improved neural efficiency.Diego Orcioli-SilvaDiego Orcioli-SilvaAisha IslamMark R. BakerLilian Teresa Bucken GobbiLilian Teresa Bucken GobbiLynn RochesterAnnette PantallFrontiers Media S.A.articlenon-invasive brain stimulationfunctional near-infrared spectroscopylocomotioncognitionageingNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	non-invasive brain stimulation functional near-infrared spectroscopy locomotion cognition ageing Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	non-invasive brain stimulation functional near-infrared spectroscopy locomotion cognition ageing Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Diego Orcioli-Silva Diego Orcioli-Silva Aisha Islam Mark R. Baker Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Lynn Rochester Annette Pantall Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults
description	Background: Walking in the “real world” involves motor and cognitive processes. In relation to this, declines in both motor function and cognition contribute to age-related gait dysfunction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and treadmill walking (STW) have potential to improve gait, particularly during dual-task walking (DTW); walking whilst performing a cognitive task. Our aims were to analyze effects of combined anodal tDCS + STW intervention on cortical activity and gait during DTW.Methods: Twenty-three young adults (YA) and 21 older adults (OA) were randomly allocated to active or sham tDCS stimulation groups. Participants performed 5-min of mixed treadmill walking (alternating 30 s bouts of STW and DTW) before and after a 20-min intervention of active or sham tDCS + STW. Anodal electrodes were placed over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the vertex (Cz) using 9 cm2 electrodes at 0.6 mA. Cortical activity of the PFC, primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA) bilaterally were recorded using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) levels were analyzed as indicators of cortical activity. An accelerometer measured gait parameters. We calculated the difference between DTW and STW for HbO2 and gait parameters. We applied linear mixed effects models which included age group (YA vs. OA), stimulation condition (sham vs. active), and time (pre- vs. post-intervention) as fixed effects. Treadmill belt speed was a covariate. Partial correlation tests were also performed.Results: A main effect of age group was observed. OA displayed higher activity bilaterally in the PFC and M1, unilaterally in the right PMC and higher gait variability than YA. M1 activity decreased in both YA and OA following active tDCS + STW. There was no overall effect of tDCS + STW on PFC activity or gait parameters. However, negative correlations were observed between changes in left PFC and stride length variability following active tDCS + STW intervention.Conclusion: Increased activity in multiple cortical areas during DTW in OA may act as a compensatory mechanism. Reduction in M1 activity following active tDCS + STW with no observed gait changes suggests improved neural efficiency.
format	article
author	Diego Orcioli-Silva Diego Orcioli-Silva Aisha Islam Mark R. Baker Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Lynn Rochester Annette Pantall
author_facet	Diego Orcioli-Silva Diego Orcioli-Silva Aisha Islam Mark R. Baker Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi Lynn Rochester Annette Pantall
author_sort	Diego Orcioli-Silva
title	Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults
title_short	Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults
title_full	Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults
title_fullStr	Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults
title_sort	bi-anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with treadmill walking decreases motor cortical activity in young and older adults
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/39026097548346d8b404559fdb08033e
work_keys_str_mv	AT diegoorciolisilva bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT diegoorciolisilva bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT aishaislam bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT markrbaker bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT lilianteresabuckengobbi bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT lilianteresabuckengobbi bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT lynnrochester bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults AT annettepantall bianodaltranscranialdirectcurrentstimulationcombinedwithtreadmillwalkingdecreasesmotorcorticalactivityinyoungandolderadults
_version_	1718373140213530624

Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults

Ejemplares similares