The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The influence of different catalyst cobalt loadings on the C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbon product yields and energy consumption in plasma-catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated from the standpoint of various reactor operating conditions: pressure...

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Autores principales:	Byron Bradley Govender, Samuel Ayodele Iwarere, Deresh Ramjugernath
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	arc discharge cobalt catalyst Fischer-Tropsch synthesis high pressure non-thermal plasma Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3903224605c241d39b96f1ca4a793fbc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3903224605c241d39b96f1ca4a793fbc2021-11-25T17:05:53ZThe Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis10.3390/catal111113242073-4344https://doaj.org/article/3903224605c241d39b96f1ca4a793fbc2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1324https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344The influence of different catalyst cobalt loadings on the C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbon product yields and energy consumption in plasma-catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated from the standpoint of various reactor operating conditions: pressure (0.5 to 10 MPa), current (250 to 450 mA) and inter-electrode gap (0.5 to 2 mm). This was accomplished by introducing a mullite substrate, coated with 2 wt%-Co/5 wt%-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 6 wt%-Co/5 wt%-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or 0 wt%-Co/5 wt%-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (blank catalyst), into a recently developed high pressure arc discharge reactor. The blank catalyst was ineffective in synthesizing hydrocarbons. Between the blank catalyst, 2 wt%, and the 6 wt% Co catalyst, the 6 wt% improved C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbon production at all conditions, with higher yields and relatively lower energy consumption at (i) 10 MPa at 10 s, and 2 MPa at 60 s, for the pressure variation study; (ii) 250 mA for the current variation study; and (iii) 2 mm for the inter-electrode gap variation study. The inter-electrode gap of 2 mm, using the 6 wt% Co catalyst, led to the overall highest methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene yields of 22 424, 517, 101, 79 and 19 ppm, respectively, compared to 40 ppm of methane and <1 ppm of C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbons for the blank catalyst, while consuming 660 times less energy for the production of a mole of methane. Furthermore, the 6 wt% Co catalyst produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs), detected via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the cobalt catalyst was modified by plasma treatment.Byron Bradley GovenderSamuel Ayodele IwarereDeresh RamjugernathMDPI AGarticlearc dischargecobalt catalystFischer-Tropsch synthesishigh pressurenon-thermal plasmaChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1324, p 1324 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arc discharge cobalt catalyst Fischer-Tropsch synthesis high pressure non-thermal plasma Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	arc discharge cobalt catalyst Fischer-Tropsch synthesis high pressure non-thermal plasma Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Byron Bradley Govender Samuel Ayodele Iwarere Deresh Ramjugernath The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
description	The influence of different catalyst cobalt loadings on the C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbon product yields and energy consumption in plasma-catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated from the standpoint of various reactor operating conditions: pressure (0.5 to 10 MPa), current (250 to 450 mA) and inter-electrode gap (0.5 to 2 mm). This was accomplished by introducing a mullite substrate, coated with 2 wt%-Co/5 wt%-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 6 wt%-Co/5 wt%-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or 0 wt%-Co/5 wt%-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (blank catalyst), into a recently developed high pressure arc discharge reactor. The blank catalyst was ineffective in synthesizing hydrocarbons. Between the blank catalyst, 2 wt%, and the 6 wt% Co catalyst, the 6 wt% improved C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbon production at all conditions, with higher yields and relatively lower energy consumption at (i) 10 MPa at 10 s, and 2 MPa at 60 s, for the pressure variation study; (ii) 250 mA for the current variation study; and (iii) 2 mm for the inter-electrode gap variation study. The inter-electrode gap of 2 mm, using the 6 wt% Co catalyst, led to the overall highest methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene yields of 22 424, 517, 101, 79 and 19 ppm, respectively, compared to 40 ppm of methane and <1 ppm of C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbons for the blank catalyst, while consuming 660 times less energy for the production of a mole of methane. Furthermore, the 6 wt% Co catalyst produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs), detected via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the cobalt catalyst was modified by plasma treatment.
format	article
author	Byron Bradley Govender Samuel Ayodele Iwarere Deresh Ramjugernath
author_facet	Byron Bradley Govender Samuel Ayodele Iwarere Deresh Ramjugernath
author_sort	Byron Bradley Govender
title	The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
title_short	The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
title_full	The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
title_fullStr	The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
title_sort	effect of cobalt catalyst loading at very high pressure plasma-catalysis in fischer-tropsch synthesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3903224605c241d39b96f1ca4a793fbc
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The Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Loading at Very High Pressure Plasma-Catalysis in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

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