Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter

In this study, granulated activated charcoal (GAC) and bio charcoal (BC) is used as a filler in P3 biosand bag filter to study their filtration performance against a range of fluoride impurities from 1–1400 mg/L. A set of experiments are done to analyze the filtration efficiency of the sandbag filte...

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Autores principales:	Eric Fung, Ken I. Johnson, Wenqi Li, William Borges, Kai Chi, Sunil K. Sharma, Yogita Madan, Priyanka R. Sharma, Benjamin S. Hsiao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	granulated activated charcoal bio charcoal biosand filter Langmuir Isotherm adsorption Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/39081ae9bd264d038728e1138ac686d6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:39081ae9bd264d038728e1138ac686d62021-11-25T18:19:56ZStudy the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter10.3390/membranes111108682077-0375https://doaj.org/article/39081ae9bd264d038728e1138ac686d62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/11/868https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375In this study, granulated activated charcoal (GAC) and bio charcoal (BC) is used as a filler in P3 biosand bag filter to study their filtration performance against a range of fluoride impurities from 1–1400 mg/L. A set of experiments are done to analyze the filtration efficiency of the sandbag filter against fluoride impurities after incorporating different amounts (e.g., 0.2, 2 kg) and a combination of GAC and BC. A combination of filler GAC and BC (1 kg each) have exhibited excellent results with 100% fluoride removal efficiency against 5 mg/L fluoride impurities for an entire experimental time of 165 min. It is because of the synergetic effect of adsorption caused by the high surface area (739 m<sup>2</sup>/g) of GAC and hydroxyapatite groups in BC. The data from remediation experiments using individual GAC and BC are fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Models to check their adsorption mechanism and determine GAC and BC’s maximum adsorption capacity (<i>Q<sub>m</sub></i>). The remediation data for both GAC and BC have shown the better fitting to the Langmuir Isotherm Model with a high R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.994 and 0.970, respectively, showing the excellent conformity with monolayer adsorption. While the GAC and BC have presented negative Kf values of −1.08 and −0.72, respectively, for Freundlich Model, showing the non-conformity to multilayer adsorption. The <i>Q<sub>m</sub></i> values obtained from Langmuir Model for GAC is 6.23 mg/g, and for BC, it is 9.13 mg/g. The pH study on adsorption efficiency of individual GAC and BC against 5 mg/L of fluoride impurities indicates the decrease in removal efficiency with an increase in pH from 3 to 9. For example, BC has shown removal efficiency of 99.8% at pH 3 and 99.5% at pH 9, while GAC has exhibited removal efficiency of 96.1% at pH 3 and 95.9% at pH 9. Importantly, this study presents the significance of the synergetic application of GAC and BC in the filters, where GAC and BC are different in their origin, functionalities, and surface characteristics.Eric FungKen I. JohnsonWenqi LiWilliam BorgesKai ChiSunil K. SharmaYogita MadanPriyanka R. SharmaBenjamin S. HsiaoMDPI AGarticlegranulated activated charcoalbio charcoalbiosand filterLangmuir IsothermadsorptionChemical technologyTP1-1185Chemical engineeringTP155-156ENMembranes, Vol 11, Iss 868, p 868 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	granulated activated charcoal bio charcoal biosand filter Langmuir Isotherm adsorption Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	granulated activated charcoal bio charcoal biosand filter Langmuir Isotherm adsorption Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Eric Fung Ken I. Johnson Wenqi Li William Borges Kai Chi Sunil K. Sharma Yogita Madan Priyanka R. Sharma Benjamin S. Hsiao Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter
description	In this study, granulated activated charcoal (GAC) and bio charcoal (BC) is used as a filler in P3 biosand bag filter to study their filtration performance against a range of fluoride impurities from 1–1400 mg/L. A set of experiments are done to analyze the filtration efficiency of the sandbag filter against fluoride impurities after incorporating different amounts (e.g., 0.2, 2 kg) and a combination of GAC and BC. A combination of filler GAC and BC (1 kg each) have exhibited excellent results with 100% fluoride removal efficiency against 5 mg/L fluoride impurities for an entire experimental time of 165 min. It is because of the synergetic effect of adsorption caused by the high surface area (739 m<sup>2</sup>/g) of GAC and hydroxyapatite groups in BC. The data from remediation experiments using individual GAC and BC are fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Models to check their adsorption mechanism and determine GAC and BC’s maximum adsorption capacity (<i>Q<sub>m</sub></i>). The remediation data for both GAC and BC have shown the better fitting to the Langmuir Isotherm Model with a high R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.994 and 0.970, respectively, showing the excellent conformity with monolayer adsorption. While the GAC and BC have presented negative Kf values of −1.08 and −0.72, respectively, for Freundlich Model, showing the non-conformity to multilayer adsorption. The <i>Q<sub>m</sub></i> values obtained from Langmuir Model for GAC is 6.23 mg/g, and for BC, it is 9.13 mg/g. The pH study on adsorption efficiency of individual GAC and BC against 5 mg/L of fluoride impurities indicates the decrease in removal efficiency with an increase in pH from 3 to 9. For example, BC has shown removal efficiency of 99.8% at pH 3 and 99.5% at pH 9, while GAC has exhibited removal efficiency of 96.1% at pH 3 and 95.9% at pH 9. Importantly, this study presents the significance of the synergetic application of GAC and BC in the filters, where GAC and BC are different in their origin, functionalities, and surface characteristics.
format	article
author	Eric Fung Ken I. Johnson Wenqi Li William Borges Kai Chi Sunil K. Sharma Yogita Madan Priyanka R. Sharma Benjamin S. Hsiao
author_facet	Eric Fung Ken I. Johnson Wenqi Li William Borges Kai Chi Sunil K. Sharma Yogita Madan Priyanka R. Sharma Benjamin S. Hsiao
author_sort	Eric Fung
title	Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter
title_short	Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter
title_full	Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter
title_fullStr	Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter
title_full_unstemmed	Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter
title_sort	study the use of activated carbon and bone char on the performance of gravity sand-bag water filter
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/39081ae9bd264d038728e1138ac686d6
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Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter

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