Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population

IntroductionSince the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous studies from around the world have reported declines in mental health. However, most of these studies were of low-to-moderate quality and many were based on convenience samples or used mental health measures with low validity, or...

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Autores principales:	Margot Shields, Lil Tonmyr, Andrea Gonzalez, Murray Weeks, Su-Bin Park, Anne-Marie Robert, Dawn-Li Blair, Harriet L. MacMillan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FR
Publicado:	Public Health Agency of Canada 2021
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/391bc28280fa4b949987590b129fb547
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:391bc28280fa4b949987590b129fb5472021-11-10T20:00:13ZSymptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population2368-738X10.24095/hpcdp.41.11.04https://doaj.org/article/391bc28280fa4b949987590b129fb5472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-41-no-11-2021/symptoms-major-depressive-disorder-covid-19-pandemic-representative-sample-canadian-population.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/2368-738X IntroductionSince the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous studies from around the world have reported declines in mental health. However, most of these studies were of low-to-moderate quality and many were based on convenience samples or used mental health measures with low validity, or both. Consequently, it has been difficult to draw conclusions. MethodsBoth the 2020 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015–2019) used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults aged 18 or older. The prevalence of MDD was compared between the SCMH and the CCHS. Risk and protective factors for MDD in the SCMH were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. ResultsBased on SCMH data, 15.2% (95% CI: 14.2–16.2) of Canadians screened positive for MDD. The prevalence of MDD was more than two times higher in the SCMH (during COVID-19) than in the CCHS (predating COVID-19). In bivariate analysis, Canadians reporting five or more COVID-19-related risk factors were close to 30 times more likely to have MDD than those reporting no risk factors. Mastery and a sense of community belonging were protective factors for MDD. ConclusionAfter remaining stable for two decades, the prevalence of depression among Canadians increased substantially with the onset of COVID-19. Ongoing monitoring of this common condition associated with major morbidity is vital to determine if elevated levels of MDD persist as we progress through and beyond future waves of COVID-19.Margot ShieldsLil TonmyrAndrea GonzalezMurray WeeksSu-Bin ParkAnne-Marie RobertDawn-Li BlairHarriet L. MacMillanPublic Health Agency of CanadaarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENFRHealth Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, Vol 41, Iss 11, Pp 340-358 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FR
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Margot Shields Lil Tonmyr Andrea Gonzalez Murray Weeks Su-Bin Park Anne-Marie Robert Dawn-Li Blair Harriet L. MacMillan Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
description	IntroductionSince the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous studies from around the world have reported declines in mental health. However, most of these studies were of low-to-moderate quality and many were based on convenience samples or used mental health measures with low validity, or both. Consequently, it has been difficult to draw conclusions. MethodsBoth the 2020 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015–2019) used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults aged 18 or older. The prevalence of MDD was compared between the SCMH and the CCHS. Risk and protective factors for MDD in the SCMH were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. ResultsBased on SCMH data, 15.2% (95% CI: 14.2–16.2) of Canadians screened positive for MDD. The prevalence of MDD was more than two times higher in the SCMH (during COVID-19) than in the CCHS (predating COVID-19). In bivariate analysis, Canadians reporting five or more COVID-19-related risk factors were close to 30 times more likely to have MDD than those reporting no risk factors. Mastery and a sense of community belonging were protective factors for MDD. ConclusionAfter remaining stable for two decades, the prevalence of depression among Canadians increased substantially with the onset of COVID-19. Ongoing monitoring of this common condition associated with major morbidity is vital to determine if elevated levels of MDD persist as we progress through and beyond future waves of COVID-19.
format	article
author	Margot Shields Lil Tonmyr Andrea Gonzalez Murray Weeks Su-Bin Park Anne-Marie Robert Dawn-Li Blair Harriet L. MacMillan
author_facet	Margot Shields Lil Tonmyr Andrea Gonzalez Murray Weeks Su-Bin Park Anne-Marie Robert Dawn-Li Blair Harriet L. MacMillan
author_sort	Margot Shields
title	Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
title_short	Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
title_full	Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
title_fullStr	Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
title_full_unstemmed	Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
title_sort	symptoms of major depressive disorder during the covid-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the canadian population
publisher	Public Health Agency of Canada
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/391bc28280fa4b949987590b129fb547
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Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population

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