Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins

Gram-positive bacteria are ancient organisms. Many bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria, produce toxins to manipulate the host, leading to various diseases. While the targets of Gram-positive bacterial toxins are diverse, many of those toxins use a similar mechanism to invade host cells and ex...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Shuowei Cai, Raj Kumar, Bal Ram Singh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Gram-positive bacterial toxins clostridial neurotoxin botulinum neurotoxin tetanus neurotoxin molten globule diphtheria toxin Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3950ad8acce844afb763d7c12c31833b
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:3950ad8acce844afb763d7c12c31833b
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3950ad8acce844afb763d7c12c31833b2021-11-25T18:24:15ZClostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins10.3390/microorganisms91122062076-2607https://doaj.org/article/3950ad8acce844afb763d7c12c31833b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2206https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Gram-positive bacteria are ancient organisms. Many bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria, produce toxins to manipulate the host, leading to various diseases. While the targets of Gram-positive bacterial toxins are diverse, many of those toxins use a similar mechanism to invade host cells and exert their functions. Clostridial neurotoxins produced by <i>Clostridial tetani</i> and <i>Clostridial botulinum</i> provide a classical example to illustrate the structure–function relationship of bacterial toxins. Here, we critically review the recent progress of the structure–function relationship of clostridial neurotoxins, including the diversity of the clostridial neurotoxins, the mode of actions, and the flexible structures required for the activation of toxins. The mechanism clostridial neurotoxins use for triggering their activity is shared with many other Gram-positive bacterial toxins, especially molten globule-type structures. This review also summarizes the implications of the molten globule-type flexible structures to other Gram-positive bacterial toxins. Understanding these highly dynamic flexible structures in solution and their role in the function of bacterial toxins not only fills in the missing link of the high-resolution structures from X-ray crystallography but also provides vital information for better designing antidotes against those toxins.Shuowei CaiRaj KumarBal Ram SinghMDPI AGarticleGram-positive bacterial toxinsclostridial neurotoxinbotulinum neurotoxintetanus neurotoxinmolten globulediphtheria toxinBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2206, p 2206 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gram-positive bacterial toxins clostridial neurotoxin botulinum neurotoxin tetanus neurotoxin molten globule diphtheria toxin Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Gram-positive bacterial toxins clostridial neurotoxin botulinum neurotoxin tetanus neurotoxin molten globule diphtheria toxin Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Shuowei Cai Raj Kumar Bal Ram Singh Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins
description	Gram-positive bacteria are ancient organisms. Many bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria, produce toxins to manipulate the host, leading to various diseases. While the targets of Gram-positive bacterial toxins are diverse, many of those toxins use a similar mechanism to invade host cells and exert their functions. Clostridial neurotoxins produced by <i>Clostridial tetani</i> and <i>Clostridial botulinum</i> provide a classical example to illustrate the structure–function relationship of bacterial toxins. Here, we critically review the recent progress of the structure–function relationship of clostridial neurotoxins, including the diversity of the clostridial neurotoxins, the mode of actions, and the flexible structures required for the activation of toxins. The mechanism clostridial neurotoxins use for triggering their activity is shared with many other Gram-positive bacterial toxins, especially molten globule-type structures. This review also summarizes the implications of the molten globule-type flexible structures to other Gram-positive bacterial toxins. Understanding these highly dynamic flexible structures in solution and their role in the function of bacterial toxins not only fills in the missing link of the high-resolution structures from X-ray crystallography but also provides vital information for better designing antidotes against those toxins.
format	article
author	Shuowei Cai Raj Kumar Bal Ram Singh
author_facet	Shuowei Cai Raj Kumar Bal Ram Singh
author_sort	Shuowei Cai
title	Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins
title_short	Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins
title_full	Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins
title_fullStr	Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins
title_full_unstemmed	Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins
title_sort	clostridial neurotoxins: structure, function and implications to other bacterial toxins
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3950ad8acce844afb763d7c12c31833b
work_keys_str_mv	AT shuoweicai clostridialneurotoxinsstructurefunctionandimplicationstootherbacterialtoxins AT rajkumar clostridialneurotoxinsstructurefunctionandimplicationstootherbacterialtoxins AT balramsingh clostridialneurotoxinsstructurefunctionandimplicationstootherbacterialtoxins
_version_	1718411187786350592

Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins

Ejemplares similares