Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity

Nutritional requirements are critical in the process of coral aquaculture. In addition to energy from symbiotic algae, corals obtain sufficient nutrition through heterotrophic feeding. Microalgae and yeast are commonly used as nutritional supplements for many aquaculture organisms. In addition, if a...

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Autores principales:	De-Sing Ding, Wei-Ting Sun, Chih-Hung Pan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	feeding growth digestive enzymes <i>Goniopora columna</i> scleractinian coral Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/39702f7afdf440bca48fe073020a5199
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:39702f7afdf440bca48fe073020a51992021-11-25T16:13:31ZFeeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity10.3390/ani111130092076-2615https://doaj.org/article/39702f7afdf440bca48fe073020a51992021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3009https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Nutritional requirements are critical in the process of coral aquaculture. In addition to energy from symbiotic algae, corals obtain sufficient nutrition through heterotrophic feeding. Microalgae and yeast are commonly used as nutritional supplements for many aquaculture organisms. In addition, if artificial feed can match or improve upon the nutritional supplementation provided by microalgae and yeast in the case of <i>G. columna</i>, then feeding this coral would be markedly easier. Hence, this article preliminarily discusses feeds suitable for <i>G. columna</i>. In this study, artificial PUFA rich in animal protein (R), <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, <i>Isochrysis galbana</i> tml, and <i>Nannochloropsis oculate</i> were fed to <i>G. columna</i> at quantities of 5% and 10% of body weight. Growth, survival, body composition, and digestive enzymes were assessed. Regarding body composition, the coral’s protein content is higher than that of carbohydrate or fat; thus, evaluating the heterotrophic nutrition of <i>G. columna</i> by using protein absorption is appropriate. The protease content is also high in digestive enzymes. Protein content, protease activity, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the R group than in other groups. The number of polyps in the groups fed R at 5% and 10% of body weight increased by 40.00 ± 2.43 and 47.33 ± 0.89 number, respectively, significantly greater increases than those achieved in the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Changes in body composition and digestive enzymes over a 24-h period were compared to determine the optimal feeding time. Protein content and protease activity increased markedly between 6:00 and 12:00. The experimental results suggest that R can improve the activity of <i>G. columna</i> digestive enzymes and their protein and lipid content in body tissue, shorten the cultivation time, and enhance the profitability of coral aquaculture.De-Sing DingWei-Ting SunChih-Hung PanMDPI AGarticlefeedinggrowthdigestive enzymes<i>Goniopora columna</i>scleractinian coralVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3009, p 3009 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	feeding growth digestive enzymes <i>Goniopora columna</i> scleractinian coral Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	feeding growth digestive enzymes <i>Goniopora columna</i> scleractinian coral Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 De-Sing Ding Wei-Ting Sun Chih-Hung Pan Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity
description	Nutritional requirements are critical in the process of coral aquaculture. In addition to energy from symbiotic algae, corals obtain sufficient nutrition through heterotrophic feeding. Microalgae and yeast are commonly used as nutritional supplements for many aquaculture organisms. In addition, if artificial feed can match or improve upon the nutritional supplementation provided by microalgae and yeast in the case of <i>G. columna</i>, then feeding this coral would be markedly easier. Hence, this article preliminarily discusses feeds suitable for <i>G. columna</i>. In this study, artificial PUFA rich in animal protein (R), <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, <i>Isochrysis galbana</i> tml, and <i>Nannochloropsis oculate</i> were fed to <i>G. columna</i> at quantities of 5% and 10% of body weight. Growth, survival, body composition, and digestive enzymes were assessed. Regarding body composition, the coral’s protein content is higher than that of carbohydrate or fat; thus, evaluating the heterotrophic nutrition of <i>G. columna</i> by using protein absorption is appropriate. The protease content is also high in digestive enzymes. Protein content, protease activity, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the R group than in other groups. The number of polyps in the groups fed R at 5% and 10% of body weight increased by 40.00 ± 2.43 and 47.33 ± 0.89 number, respectively, significantly greater increases than those achieved in the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Changes in body composition and digestive enzymes over a 24-h period were compared to determine the optimal feeding time. Protein content and protease activity increased markedly between 6:00 and 12:00. The experimental results suggest that R can improve the activity of <i>G. columna</i> digestive enzymes and their protein and lipid content in body tissue, shorten the cultivation time, and enhance the profitability of coral aquaculture.
format	article
author	De-Sing Ding Wei-Ting Sun Chih-Hung Pan
author_facet	De-Sing Ding Wei-Ting Sun Chih-Hung Pan
author_sort	De-Sing Ding
title	Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity
title_short	Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity
title_full	Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity
title_fullStr	Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity
title_full_unstemmed	Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity
title_sort	feeding of a scleractinian coral, <i>goniopora columna</i>, on microalgae, yeast, and artificial feed in captivity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/39702f7afdf440bca48fe073020a5199
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Feeding of a Scleractinian Coral, <i>Goniopora columna</i>, on Microalgae, Yeast, and Artificial Feed in Captivity

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