Influenza’s Newest Trick

ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans and for many birds and mammals. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the major surface proteins of this enveloped RNA virus. Hemagglutinin requires proteolytic cleavage for activation, but because the viral genome does not encode its own...

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Autor principal:	Jeffery K. Taubenberger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	hemagglutinin influenza neuraminidase pandemic viral pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/397776b880824575b5af27c9efa39876
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:397776b880824575b5af27c9efa398762021-11-15T15:54:48ZInfluenza’s Newest Trick10.1128/mBio.02854-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/397776b880824575b5af27c9efa398762019-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02854-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans and for many birds and mammals. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the major surface proteins of this enveloped RNA virus. Hemagglutinin requires proteolytic cleavage for activation, but because the viral genome does not encode its own protease, an exogenous serine protease must be provided by host cells. A novel, neuraminidase-dependent mechanism for hemagglutinin activation was described, in which a thrombin-like protease allows an influenza A/H7N6 virus, isolated from a mallard duck, to replicate systemically and induce enhanced disease in avian and mammalian model animals and to replicate in vitro in the absence of trypsin. Thrombin-like protease activation required the N6 neuraminidase, but also required the presence of a thrombin-like cleavage motif in the H7 hemagglutinin. This novel example of neuraminidase-dependent hemagglutinin activation demonstrates the extraordinary evolutionary flexibility of influenza A viruses and is a fascinating example of epistasis between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes.Jeffery K. TaubenbergerAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlehemagglutinininfluenzaneuraminidasepandemicviral pathogenesisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 6 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hemagglutinin influenza neuraminidase pandemic viral pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	hemagglutinin influenza neuraminidase pandemic viral pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502 Jeffery K. Taubenberger Influenza’s Newest Trick
description	ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans and for many birds and mammals. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the major surface proteins of this enveloped RNA virus. Hemagglutinin requires proteolytic cleavage for activation, but because the viral genome does not encode its own protease, an exogenous serine protease must be provided by host cells. A novel, neuraminidase-dependent mechanism for hemagglutinin activation was described, in which a thrombin-like protease allows an influenza A/H7N6 virus, isolated from a mallard duck, to replicate systemically and induce enhanced disease in avian and mammalian model animals and to replicate in vitro in the absence of trypsin. Thrombin-like protease activation required the N6 neuraminidase, but also required the presence of a thrombin-like cleavage motif in the H7 hemagglutinin. This novel example of neuraminidase-dependent hemagglutinin activation demonstrates the extraordinary evolutionary flexibility of influenza A viruses and is a fascinating example of epistasis between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes.
format	article
author	Jeffery K. Taubenberger
author_facet	Jeffery K. Taubenberger
author_sort	Jeffery K. Taubenberger
title	Influenza’s Newest Trick
title_short	Influenza’s Newest Trick
title_full	Influenza’s Newest Trick
title_fullStr	Influenza’s Newest Trick
title_full_unstemmed	Influenza’s Newest Trick
title_sort	influenza’s newest trick
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/397776b880824575b5af27c9efa39876
work_keys_str_mv	AT jefferyktaubenberger influenzasnewesttrick
_version_	1718427207975567360

Influenza’s Newest Trick

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