Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence

Abstract The disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) was first recognized in upstate New York in 2006 and has since spread across much of the United States (U.S.), causing severe mortality in several North American bat species. To aid in the identification and monitoring of at‐risk bat populations, we eva...

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Autores principales:	John F. Grider, Robin E. Russell, Anne E. Ballmann, Trevor J. Hefley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	bats disease presence generalized additive modeling North America spatiotemporal modeling white‐nose syndrome Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3982121abfc64a1f99240c6ad7bc544d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3982121abfc64a1f99240c6ad7bc544d2021-11-29T07:06:43ZLong‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence2150-892510.1002/ecs2.3808https://doaj.org/article/3982121abfc64a1f99240c6ad7bc544d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3808https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925Abstract The disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) was first recognized in upstate New York in 2006 and has since spread across much of the United States (U.S.), causing severe mortality in several North American bat species. To aid in the identification and monitoring of at‐risk bat populations, we evaluate factors associated with the presence of the causative fungal agent of WNS, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), in the continental United States. We obtained Pd samples through hibernaculum surveys conducted from 2013 to 2020, with all samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center. Using generalized additive models, we estimated the likelihood of Pd presence under three different hypotheses: human‐mediated, species‐mediated, and hibernaculum type. In addition to hypothesis‐related predictor variables, a subset of models included a smoothed nonseparable effect of longitude and latitude and a smoothed effect of time since study onset to account for spatial and temporal autocorrelation. Under all hypotheses, models indicated probability of Pd detection is best described by the smoothed nonseparable effect of longitude and latitude and a smoothed effect of time since onset of this study. After accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelations, only hibernaculum type significantly affected Pd presence, with mines and culverts/tunnels less likely to contain Pd compared with caves. Reduced likelihood of Pd presence in mines and culverts/tunnels bodes well for bats of the western and southern United States, where use of these hibernaculum types is more common. While our findings can help guide monitoring and management efforts, the potential for long‐distance dispersal combined with variation in community composition and hibernation ecology between the western and eastern United States necessitates the continued monitoring of Pd presence.John F. GriderRobin E. RussellAnne E. BallmannTrevor J. HefleyWileyarticlebatsdisease presencegeneralized additive modelingNorth Americaspatiotemporal modelingwhite‐nose syndromeEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcosphere, Vol 12, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bats disease presence generalized additive modeling North America spatiotemporal modeling white‐nose syndrome Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	bats disease presence generalized additive modeling North America spatiotemporal modeling white‐nose syndrome Ecology QH540-549.5 John F. Grider Robin E. Russell Anne E. Ballmann Trevor J. Hefley Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
description	Abstract The disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) was first recognized in upstate New York in 2006 and has since spread across much of the United States (U.S.), causing severe mortality in several North American bat species. To aid in the identification and monitoring of at‐risk bat populations, we evaluate factors associated with the presence of the causative fungal agent of WNS, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), in the continental United States. We obtained Pd samples through hibernaculum surveys conducted from 2013 to 2020, with all samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center. Using generalized additive models, we estimated the likelihood of Pd presence under three different hypotheses: human‐mediated, species‐mediated, and hibernaculum type. In addition to hypothesis‐related predictor variables, a subset of models included a smoothed nonseparable effect of longitude and latitude and a smoothed effect of time since study onset to account for spatial and temporal autocorrelation. Under all hypotheses, models indicated probability of Pd detection is best described by the smoothed nonseparable effect of longitude and latitude and a smoothed effect of time since onset of this study. After accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelations, only hibernaculum type significantly affected Pd presence, with mines and culverts/tunnels less likely to contain Pd compared with caves. Reduced likelihood of Pd presence in mines and culverts/tunnels bodes well for bats of the western and southern United States, where use of these hibernaculum types is more common. While our findings can help guide monitoring and management efforts, the potential for long‐distance dispersal combined with variation in community composition and hibernation ecology between the western and eastern United States necessitates the continued monitoring of Pd presence.
format	article
author	John F. Grider Robin E. Russell Anne E. Ballmann Trevor J. Hefley
author_facet	John F. Grider Robin E. Russell Anne E. Ballmann Trevor J. Hefley
author_sort	John F. Grider
title	Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
title_short	Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
title_full	Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
title_fullStr	Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
title_full_unstemmed	Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
title_sort	long‐term pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3982121abfc64a1f99240c6ad7bc544d
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Long‐term Pseudogymnoascus destructans surveillance data reveal factors contributing to pathogen presence

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