Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants

Background: The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear. Methods: As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the age...

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Autores principales:	Isaac Barroso, João Tiago Guimarães, Milton Severo, Vanda Craveiro, Elisabete Ramos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	immune response white blood cells cohort study adolescence adulthood Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/39ba24527359410baa0ad5d93c0ba1ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:39ba24527359410baa0ad5d93c0ba1ef2021-11-25T17:21:17ZImmunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants10.3390/diagnostics111120632075-4418https://doaj.org/article/39ba24527359410baa0ad5d93c0ba1ef2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/11/2063https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4418Background: The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear. Methods: As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the ages of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by self- and face-to-face-administered questionnaires, along with a physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements and blood sample collections. Mixed-effects models were used to identify individual trajectories of white blood cells (WBC) and finite Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the clusters of individual trajectories. Results: Participants were allocated into six clusters based on the individual trajectories of WBC distribution. <i>Higher</i> <i>Inflammatory Activation Cluster</i> (11.4%) had the highest total WBC count and neutrophils percentage, as well as the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. These participants had significantly higher odds of being overweight [OR = 2.44, 95%CI:1.51–3.92]. <i>Lowest Levels of WBC Cluster</i> (24.1%) had the lowest total WBC count, being characterized by a higher participation on sports [OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.12–2.13]. <i>Highest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster</i> (20.1%) had the highest eosinophils percentage and the highest likelihood of having been diagnosed with a chronic disease [OR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.43–3.13], namely “asthma or allergies” [OR = 14.0 (1.73, 112.2]. <i>Lowest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster</i> (29.1%) had the lowest percentage of eosinophils and basophils, as well as the highest lymphocyte proportion. Participants in the <i>Undefined</i> <i>Cluster</i> (13.8%) showed the highest percentage of monocytes and basophils and were also characterized by significant lower odds of having parents with 7–9 years of schooling [OR = 0.56, (0.32, 0.99]. Conclusions: In this study we identified distinct immunological trajectories of WBC from adolescence to adulthood that were associated with social, clinical and behavioral determinants. These results suggest that these immunological trajectories are defined early in life, being dependent on the exposures.Isaac BarrosoJoão Tiago GuimarãesMilton SeveroVanda CraveiroElisabete RamosMDPI AGarticleimmune responsewhite blood cellscohort studyadolescenceadulthoodMedicine (General)R5-920ENDiagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 2063, p 2063 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	immune response white blood cells cohort study adolescence adulthood Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	immune response white blood cells cohort study adolescence adulthood Medicine (General) R5-920 Isaac Barroso João Tiago Guimarães Milton Severo Vanda Craveiro Elisabete Ramos Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants
description	Background: The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear. Methods: As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the ages of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by self- and face-to-face-administered questionnaires, along with a physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements and blood sample collections. Mixed-effects models were used to identify individual trajectories of white blood cells (WBC) and finite Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the clusters of individual trajectories. Results: Participants were allocated into six clusters based on the individual trajectories of WBC distribution. <i>Higher</i> <i>Inflammatory Activation Cluster</i> (11.4%) had the highest total WBC count and neutrophils percentage, as well as the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. These participants had significantly higher odds of being overweight [OR = 2.44, 95%CI:1.51–3.92]. <i>Lowest Levels of WBC Cluster</i> (24.1%) had the lowest total WBC count, being characterized by a higher participation on sports [OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.12–2.13]. <i>Highest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster</i> (20.1%) had the highest eosinophils percentage and the highest likelihood of having been diagnosed with a chronic disease [OR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.43–3.13], namely “asthma or allergies” [OR = 14.0 (1.73, 112.2]. <i>Lowest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster</i> (29.1%) had the lowest percentage of eosinophils and basophils, as well as the highest lymphocyte proportion. Participants in the <i>Undefined</i> <i>Cluster</i> (13.8%) showed the highest percentage of monocytes and basophils and were also characterized by significant lower odds of having parents with 7–9 years of schooling [OR = 0.56, (0.32, 0.99]. Conclusions: In this study we identified distinct immunological trajectories of WBC from adolescence to adulthood that were associated with social, clinical and behavioral determinants. These results suggest that these immunological trajectories are defined early in life, being dependent on the exposures.
format	article
author	Isaac Barroso João Tiago Guimarães Milton Severo Vanda Craveiro Elisabete Ramos
author_facet	Isaac Barroso João Tiago Guimarães Milton Severo Vanda Craveiro Elisabete Ramos
author_sort	Isaac Barroso
title	Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants
title_short	Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants
title_full	Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants
title_fullStr	Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants
title_full_unstemmed	Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants
title_sort	immunological trajectories of white blood cells from adolescence to adulthood: description and determinants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/39ba24527359410baa0ad5d93c0ba1ef
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Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants

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