Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters

Abstract Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) experiments have been deployed in marine ecosystems to manipulate carbonate system conditions to those predicted in future oceans. We investigated whether the pH/carbonate chemistry of extremely cold polar waters can be manipulated in an ecologically relevan...

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Autores principales:	J. S. Stark, N. P. Roden, G. J. Johnstone, M. Milnes, J. G. Black, S. Whiteside, W. Kirkwood, K. Newbery, S. Stark, E. van Ooijen, B. Tilbrook, E. T. Peltzer, K. Berry, D. Roberts
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/39ee51c3834b453ebb031c1d58c50994
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:39ee51c3834b453ebb031c1d58c509942021-12-02T15:08:39ZCarbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters10.1038/s41598-018-21029-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/39ee51c3834b453ebb031c1d58c509942018-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21029-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) experiments have been deployed in marine ecosystems to manipulate carbonate system conditions to those predicted in future oceans. We investigated whether the pH/carbonate chemistry of extremely cold polar waters can be manipulated in an ecologically relevant way, to represent conditions under future atmospheric CO2 levels, in an in-situ FOCE experiment in Antarctica. We examined spatial and temporal variation in local ambient carbonate chemistry at hourly intervals at two sites between December and February and compared these with experimental conditions. We successfully maintained a mean pH offset in acidified benthic chambers of −0.38 (±0.07) from ambient for approximately 8 weeks. Local diel and seasonal fluctuations in ambient pH were duplicated in the FOCE system. Large temporal variability in acidified chambers resulted from system stoppages. The mean pH, Ωarag and fCO2 values in the acidified chambers were 7.688 ± 0.079, 0.62 ± 0.13 and 912 ± 150 µatm, respectively. Variation in ambient pH appeared to be mainly driven by salinity and biological production and ranged from 8.019 to 8.192 with significant spatio-temporal variation. This experiment demonstrates the utility of FOCE systems to create conditions expected in future oceans that represent ecologically relevant variation, even under polar conditions.J. S. StarkN. P. RodenG. J. JohnstoneM. MilnesJ. G. BlackS. WhitesideW. KirkwoodK. NewberyS. StarkE. van OoijenB. TilbrookE. T. PeltzerK. BerryD. RobertsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q J. S. Stark N. P. Roden G. J. Johnstone M. Milnes J. G. Black S. Whiteside W. Kirkwood K. Newbery S. Stark E. van Ooijen B. Tilbrook E. T. Peltzer K. Berry D. Roberts Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters
description	Abstract Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) experiments have been deployed in marine ecosystems to manipulate carbonate system conditions to those predicted in future oceans. We investigated whether the pH/carbonate chemistry of extremely cold polar waters can be manipulated in an ecologically relevant way, to represent conditions under future atmospheric CO2 levels, in an in-situ FOCE experiment in Antarctica. We examined spatial and temporal variation in local ambient carbonate chemistry at hourly intervals at two sites between December and February and compared these with experimental conditions. We successfully maintained a mean pH offset in acidified benthic chambers of −0.38 (±0.07) from ambient for approximately 8 weeks. Local diel and seasonal fluctuations in ambient pH were duplicated in the FOCE system. Large temporal variability in acidified chambers resulted from system stoppages. The mean pH, Ωarag and fCO2 values in the acidified chambers were 7.688 ± 0.079, 0.62 ± 0.13 and 912 ± 150 µatm, respectively. Variation in ambient pH appeared to be mainly driven by salinity and biological production and ranged from 8.019 to 8.192 with significant spatio-temporal variation. This experiment demonstrates the utility of FOCE systems to create conditions expected in future oceans that represent ecologically relevant variation, even under polar conditions.
format	article
author	J. S. Stark N. P. Roden G. J. Johnstone M. Milnes J. G. Black S. Whiteside W. Kirkwood K. Newbery S. Stark E. van Ooijen B. Tilbrook E. T. Peltzer K. Berry D. Roberts
author_facet	J. S. Stark N. P. Roden G. J. Johnstone M. Milnes J. G. Black S. Whiteside W. Kirkwood K. Newbery S. Stark E. van Ooijen B. Tilbrook E. T. Peltzer K. Berry D. Roberts
author_sort	J. S. Stark
title	Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters
title_short	Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters
title_full	Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters
title_fullStr	Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters
title_full_unstemmed	Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters
title_sort	carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean co2 enrichment experiment (antfoce) in comparison to short term variation in antarctic coastal waters
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/39ee51c3834b453ebb031c1d58c50994
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Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters

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