Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?

Cytokine- and chemokine-mediated signalling is involved in the neuroinflammatory process that leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. Substances with anti-inflammatory properties could decrease these cytokines and chemokines and thus prevent RGC death. The authors of this study anal...

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Autores principales:	José A. Fernández-Albarral, Miguel A. Martínez-López, Eva M. Marco, Rosa de Hoz, Beatriz Martín-Sánchez, Diego San Felipe, Elena Salobrar-García, Inés López-Cuenca, María D. Pinazo-Durán, Juan J. Salazar, José M. Ramírez, Meritxell López-Gallardo, Ana I. Ramírez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cytokines BDNF VEGF fractalkine glaucoma ocular hypertension Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a0f12c1754c4559ad1412634abf8ffd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a0f12c1754c4559ad1412634abf8ffd2021-11-11T17:28:49ZIs Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?10.3390/jcm102148012077-0383https://doaj.org/article/3a0f12c1754c4559ad1412634abf8ffd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4801https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Cytokine- and chemokine-mediated signalling is involved in the neuroinflammatory process that leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. Substances with anti-inflammatory properties could decrease these cytokines and chemokines and thus prevent RGC death. The authors of this study analysed the anti-inflammatory effect of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content, focusing on the regulation of cytokine and chemokine production, in a mouse model of unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). We demonstrated that following saffron treatment, most of the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and fractalkine were unaffected in response to laser-induced OHT in both the OHT eye and its contralateral eye. Only IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the OHT eye one day after laser induction compared with the control group. These results differed from those observed in animals subjected to unilateral OHT and not treated with saffron, where changes in cytokine levels occurred in both eyes. Therefore, saffron extract regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF, and fractalkine induced by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP), protecting the retina from inflammation. These results indicate that saffron could be beneficial in glaucoma by helping to reduce the inflammatory process.José A. Fernández-AlbarralMiguel A. Martínez-LópezEva M. MarcoRosa de HozBeatriz Martín-SánchezDiego San FelipeElena Salobrar-GarcíaInés López-CuencaMaría D. Pinazo-DuránJuan J. SalazarJosé M. RamírezMeritxell López-GallardoAna I. RamírezMDPI AGarticlecytokinesBDNFVEGFfractalkineglaucomaocular hypertensionMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4801, p 4801 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cytokines BDNF VEGF fractalkine glaucoma ocular hypertension Medicine R
spellingShingle	cytokines BDNF VEGF fractalkine glaucoma ocular hypertension Medicine R José A. Fernández-Albarral Miguel A. Martínez-López Eva M. Marco Rosa de Hoz Beatriz Martín-Sánchez Diego San Felipe Elena Salobrar-García Inés López-Cuenca María D. Pinazo-Durán Juan J. Salazar José M. Ramírez Meritxell López-Gallardo Ana I. Ramírez Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?
description	Cytokine- and chemokine-mediated signalling is involved in the neuroinflammatory process that leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. Substances with anti-inflammatory properties could decrease these cytokines and chemokines and thus prevent RGC death. The authors of this study analysed the anti-inflammatory effect of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content, focusing on the regulation of cytokine and chemokine production, in a mouse model of unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). We demonstrated that following saffron treatment, most of the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and fractalkine were unaffected in response to laser-induced OHT in both the OHT eye and its contralateral eye. Only IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the OHT eye one day after laser induction compared with the control group. These results differed from those observed in animals subjected to unilateral OHT and not treated with saffron, where changes in cytokine levels occurred in both eyes. Therefore, saffron extract regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF, and fractalkine induced by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP), protecting the retina from inflammation. These results indicate that saffron could be beneficial in glaucoma by helping to reduce the inflammatory process.
format	article
author	José A. Fernández-Albarral Miguel A. Martínez-López Eva M. Marco Rosa de Hoz Beatriz Martín-Sánchez Diego San Felipe Elena Salobrar-García Inés López-Cuenca María D. Pinazo-Durán Juan J. Salazar José M. Ramírez Meritxell López-Gallardo Ana I. Ramírez
author_facet	José A. Fernández-Albarral Miguel A. Martínez-López Eva M. Marco Rosa de Hoz Beatriz Martín-Sánchez Diego San Felipe Elena Salobrar-García Inés López-Cuenca María D. Pinazo-Durán Juan J. Salazar José M. Ramírez Meritxell López-Gallardo Ana I. Ramírez
author_sort	José A. Fernández-Albarral
title	Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?
title_short	Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?
title_full	Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?
title_fullStr	Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?
title_full_unstemmed	Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?
title_sort	is saffron able to prevent the dysregulation of retinal cytokines induced by ocular hypertension in mice?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a0f12c1754c4559ad1412634abf8ffd
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Is Saffron Able to Prevent the Dysregulation of Retinal Cytokines Induced by Ocular Hypertension in Mice?

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