Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion

Abstract Virtual reality (VR) enables the fast, free, and highly controllable setting of experimental body images. Illusions pertaining to a body, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can be easily conducted in VR settings, and some phenomena, such as full-body illusions, are only realized in vir...

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Autores principales:	Noriaki Kanayama, Masayuki Hara, Kenta Kimura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a310b5405f741faa309121bd2ec1481
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a310b5405f741faa309121bd2ec14812021-12-02T14:01:32ZVirtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion10.1038/s41598-020-80807-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3a310b5405f741faa309121bd2ec14812021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80807-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Virtual reality (VR) enables the fast, free, and highly controllable setting of experimental body images. Illusions pertaining to a body, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can be easily conducted in VR settings, and some phenomena, such as full-body illusions, are only realized in virtual environments. However, the multisensory-integration process in VR is not yet fully understood. Thus, it remains to be clarified if specific phenomena that occur under VR settings manifest in real life as well. One useful investigative approach is measuring brain activities during a psychological experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory activities provide insight into the human multisensory integration process. Nevertheless, EEG data can be vulnerable to VR noise, which causes measurement and analytical difficulties for EEG data recorded in VR environments. Here, we achieve an experimental RHI setting using a head-mounted display that provides a VR visual space and VR dummy hand along with EEG measurements. We compared EEG data collected in both real and VR environments and observed the gamma and theta band oscillatory activities. Ultimately, we observed statistically significant differences between congruent (RHI) and incongruent (not RHI) conditions in the real environment, which is consistent with previous studies. Differences in the VR condition were observed only on the late theta band oscillation, suggesting that the VR setting itself altered the perceptual and sensory integration mechanisms. Thus, we must model this difference between real and VR settings whenever we use VR to investigate our bodily self-perception.Noriaki KanayamaMasayuki HaraKenta KimuraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Noriaki Kanayama Masayuki Hara Kenta Kimura Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
description	Abstract Virtual reality (VR) enables the fast, free, and highly controllable setting of experimental body images. Illusions pertaining to a body, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can be easily conducted in VR settings, and some phenomena, such as full-body illusions, are only realized in virtual environments. However, the multisensory-integration process in VR is not yet fully understood. Thus, it remains to be clarified if specific phenomena that occur under VR settings manifest in real life as well. One useful investigative approach is measuring brain activities during a psychological experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory activities provide insight into the human multisensory integration process. Nevertheless, EEG data can be vulnerable to VR noise, which causes measurement and analytical difficulties for EEG data recorded in VR environments. Here, we achieve an experimental RHI setting using a head-mounted display that provides a VR visual space and VR dummy hand along with EEG measurements. We compared EEG data collected in both real and VR environments and observed the gamma and theta band oscillatory activities. Ultimately, we observed statistically significant differences between congruent (RHI) and incongruent (not RHI) conditions in the real environment, which is consistent with previous studies. Differences in the VR condition were observed only on the late theta band oscillation, suggesting that the VR setting itself altered the perceptual and sensory integration mechanisms. Thus, we must model this difference between real and VR settings whenever we use VR to investigate our bodily self-perception.
format	article
author	Noriaki Kanayama Masayuki Hara Kenta Kimura
author_facet	Noriaki Kanayama Masayuki Hara Kenta Kimura
author_sort	Noriaki Kanayama
title	Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
title_short	Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
title_full	Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
title_fullStr	Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
title_full_unstemmed	Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
title_sort	virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a310b5405f741faa309121bd2ec1481
work_keys_str_mv	AT noriakikanayama virtualrealityalterscorticaloscillationsrelatedtovisuotactileintegrationduringrubberhandillusion AT masayukihara virtualrealityalterscorticaloscillationsrelatedtovisuotactileintegrationduringrubberhandillusion AT kentakimura virtualrealityalterscorticaloscillationsrelatedtovisuotactileintegrationduringrubberhandillusion
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Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion

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