Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most versatile family of transmembrane receptors in the cell and they play a vital role in the regulation of multiple physiological processes. The family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is one of the most diverse families of insects. Until now...

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Autores principales:	Han Gao, Yanxiao Li, Miao Wang, Xiaowen Song, Jing Tang, Fan Feng, Bin Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	identification GPCRs Apolygus lucorum expansion phylogenetic analysis Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a35458a85c847b0abd5ad37769968ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a35458a85c847b0abd5ad37769968ef2021-12-01T04:55:24ZIdentification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.773669https://doaj.org/article/3a35458a85c847b0abd5ad37769968ef2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.773669/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most versatile family of transmembrane receptors in the cell and they play a vital role in the regulation of multiple physiological processes. The family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is one of the most diverse families of insects. Until now, information on GPCRs has been lacking in Miridae. Apolygus lucorum, a representative species of the Miridae, is an omnivorous pest that occurs worldwide and is notorious for causing serious damage to various crops and substantial economic losses. By searching the genome, 133 GPCRs were identified in A. lucorum. Compared with other model insects, we have observed GPCR genes to be remarkably expanded in A. lucorum, especially focusing on biogenic amine receptors and neuropeptide receptors. Among these, there is a novel large clade duplicated from known FMRFamide receptors (FMRFaRs). Moreover, the temporal and spatial expression profiles of the 133 genes across developmental stages were determined by transcriptome analysis. Most GPCR genes showed a low expression level in the whole organism of A. lucorum. However, there were a few highly expressed GPCR genes. The highly expressed LW opsins in the head probably relate to nocturning of A. lucorum, and the expression of Cirl at different times and in different tissues indicated it may be involved in growth and development of A. lucorum. We also found C2 leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs (LGRs) were mainly distributed in Hemiptera and Phthiraptera among insects. Our study was the first investigation on GPCRs in A. lucorum and it provided a molecular target for the regulation and control of Miridae pests.Han GaoYanxiao LiMiao WangXiaowen SongJing TangFan FengBin LiFrontiers Media S.A.articleidentificationGPCRsApolygus lucorumexpansionphylogenetic analysisDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	identification GPCRs Apolygus lucorum expansion phylogenetic analysis Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	identification GPCRs Apolygus lucorum expansion phylogenetic analysis Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Han Gao Yanxiao Li Miao Wang Xiaowen Song Jing Tang Fan Feng Bin Li Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum
description	G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most versatile family of transmembrane receptors in the cell and they play a vital role in the regulation of multiple physiological processes. The family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is one of the most diverse families of insects. Until now, information on GPCRs has been lacking in Miridae. Apolygus lucorum, a representative species of the Miridae, is an omnivorous pest that occurs worldwide and is notorious for causing serious damage to various crops and substantial economic losses. By searching the genome, 133 GPCRs were identified in A. lucorum. Compared with other model insects, we have observed GPCR genes to be remarkably expanded in A. lucorum, especially focusing on biogenic amine receptors and neuropeptide receptors. Among these, there is a novel large clade duplicated from known FMRFamide receptors (FMRFaRs). Moreover, the temporal and spatial expression profiles of the 133 genes across developmental stages were determined by transcriptome analysis. Most GPCR genes showed a low expression level in the whole organism of A. lucorum. However, there were a few highly expressed GPCR genes. The highly expressed LW opsins in the head probably relate to nocturning of A. lucorum, and the expression of Cirl at different times and in different tissues indicated it may be involved in growth and development of A. lucorum. We also found C2 leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs (LGRs) were mainly distributed in Hemiptera and Phthiraptera among insects. Our study was the first investigation on GPCRs in A. lucorum and it provided a molecular target for the regulation and control of Miridae pests.
format	article
author	Han Gao Yanxiao Li Miao Wang Xiaowen Song Jing Tang Fan Feng Bin Li
author_facet	Han Gao Yanxiao Li Miao Wang Xiaowen Song Jing Tang Fan Feng Bin Li
author_sort	Han Gao
title	Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum
title_short	Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum
title_full	Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum
title_fullStr	Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum
title_full_unstemmed	Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum
title_sort	identification and expression analysis of g protein-coupled receptors in the miridae insect apolygus lucorum
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a35458a85c847b0abd5ad37769968ef
work_keys_str_mv	AT hangao identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum AT yanxiaoli identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum AT miaowang identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum AT xiaowensong identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum AT jingtang identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum AT fanfeng identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum AT binli identificationandexpressionanalysisofgproteincoupledreceptorsinthemiridaeinsectapolyguslucorum
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Identification and Expression Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Miridae Insect Apolygus lucorum

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