Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil

Amazonia and the Northeast region of Brazil exhibit the highest levels of climate vulnerability in the country. While Amazonia is characterized by an extremely hot and humid climate and hosts the world largest rainforest, the Northeast is home to sharp climatic contrasts, ranging from rainy areas al...

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Autores principales:	Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade, Gilvan Ramalho Guedes, Kenya Valeria Micaela de Souza Noronha, Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva, Jéferson Pereira Andrade, Albert Smith Feitosa Suassuna Martins
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a354a500a794eb2a0c2d56abe02d353
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a354a500a794eb2a0c2d56abe02d3532021-11-18T08:14:33ZHealth-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/3a354a500a794eb2a0c2d56abe02d3532021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584767/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Amazonia and the Northeast region of Brazil exhibit the highest levels of climate vulnerability in the country. While Amazonia is characterized by an extremely hot and humid climate and hosts the world largest rainforest, the Northeast is home to sharp climatic contrasts, ranging from rainy areas along the coast to semiarid regions that are often affected by droughts. Both regions are subject to extremely high temperatures and are susceptible to many tropical diseases. This study develops a multidimensional Extreme Climate Vulnerability Index (ECVI) for Brazilian Amazonia and the Northeast region based on the Alkire-Foster method. Vulnerability is defined by three components, encompassing exposure (proxied by seven climate extreme indicators), susceptibility (proxied by sociodemographic indicators), and adaptive capacity (proxied by sanitation conditions, urbanization rate, and healthcare provision). In addition to the estimated vulnerability levels and intensity, we break down the ECVI by indicators, dimensions, and regions, in order to explore how the incidence levels of climate-sensitive infectious and parasitic diseases correlate with regional vulnerability. We use the Grade of Membership method to reclassify the mesoregions into homoclimatic zones based on extreme climatic events, so climate and population/health data can be analyzed at comparable resolutions. We find two homoclimatic zones: Extreme Rain (ER) and Extreme Drought and High Temperature (ED-HT). Vulnerability is higher in the ED-HT areas than in the ER. The contribution of each dimension to overall vulnerability levels varies by homoclimatic zone. In the ER zone, adaptive capacity (39%) prevails as the main driver of vulnerability among the three dimensions, in contrast with the approximately even dimensional contribution in the ED-HT. When we compare areas by disease incidence levels, exposure emerges as the most influential dimension. Our results suggest that climate can exacerbate existing infrastructure deficiencies and socioeconomic conditions that are correlated with tropical disease incidence in impoverished areas.Lara de Melo Barbosa AndradeGilvan Ramalho GuedesKenya Valeria Micaela de Souza NoronhaCláudio Moisés Santos e SilvaJéferson Pereira AndradeAlbert Smith Feitosa Suassuna MartinsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade Gilvan Ramalho Guedes Kenya Valeria Micaela de Souza Noronha Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva Jéferson Pereira Andrade Albert Smith Feitosa Suassuna Martins Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil
description	Amazonia and the Northeast region of Brazil exhibit the highest levels of climate vulnerability in the country. While Amazonia is characterized by an extremely hot and humid climate and hosts the world largest rainforest, the Northeast is home to sharp climatic contrasts, ranging from rainy areas along the coast to semiarid regions that are often affected by droughts. Both regions are subject to extremely high temperatures and are susceptible to many tropical diseases. This study develops a multidimensional Extreme Climate Vulnerability Index (ECVI) for Brazilian Amazonia and the Northeast region based on the Alkire-Foster method. Vulnerability is defined by three components, encompassing exposure (proxied by seven climate extreme indicators), susceptibility (proxied by sociodemographic indicators), and adaptive capacity (proxied by sanitation conditions, urbanization rate, and healthcare provision). In addition to the estimated vulnerability levels and intensity, we break down the ECVI by indicators, dimensions, and regions, in order to explore how the incidence levels of climate-sensitive infectious and parasitic diseases correlate with regional vulnerability. We use the Grade of Membership method to reclassify the mesoregions into homoclimatic zones based on extreme climatic events, so climate and population/health data can be analyzed at comparable resolutions. We find two homoclimatic zones: Extreme Rain (ER) and Extreme Drought and High Temperature (ED-HT). Vulnerability is higher in the ED-HT areas than in the ER. The contribution of each dimension to overall vulnerability levels varies by homoclimatic zone. In the ER zone, adaptive capacity (39%) prevails as the main driver of vulnerability among the three dimensions, in contrast with the approximately even dimensional contribution in the ED-HT. When we compare areas by disease incidence levels, exposure emerges as the most influential dimension. Our results suggest that climate can exacerbate existing infrastructure deficiencies and socioeconomic conditions that are correlated with tropical disease incidence in impoverished areas.
format	article
author	Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade Gilvan Ramalho Guedes Kenya Valeria Micaela de Souza Noronha Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva Jéferson Pereira Andrade Albert Smith Feitosa Suassuna Martins
author_facet	Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade Gilvan Ramalho Guedes Kenya Valeria Micaela de Souza Noronha Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva Jéferson Pereira Andrade Albert Smith Feitosa Suassuna Martins
author_sort	Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade
title	Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil
title_short	Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil
title_full	Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil
title_fullStr	Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil
title_full_unstemmed	Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil
title_sort	health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of amazonia and northeast region of brazil
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a354a500a794eb2a0c2d56abe02d353
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Health-related vulnerability to climate extremes in homoclimatic zones of Amazonia and Northeast region of Brazil

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