Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases

Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking acts as a source for a v...

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Autores principales:	Naveed Ahmed, Sohaib Arshad, Syed Nahid Basheer, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Charu Mohan Marya, Pratibha Taneja, Pietro Messina, Chan Yean Yean, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oral health smoking periodontal disease risk factors oral cancer Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a3a56e1c02e4c0586fbfe0c35a4f7b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a3a56e1c02e4c0586fbfe0c35a4f7b52021-11-11T16:09:49ZSmoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases10.3390/ijerph1821110031660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/3a3a56e1c02e4c0586fbfe0c35a4f7b52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11003https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking acts as a source for a variety of oral and systemic diseases. Various periodontal issues such as increased pocket depth, loss of alveolar bone, tooth mobility, oral lesions, ulcerations, halitosis, and stained teeth are more common among smokers. This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines from PRISMA, and research articles were retrieved from the Web database sources on 31 May 2021. The quality of research articles was ensured by the type of evidence from combined schema incorporating as schema-13 evidence type description, Cochrane health promotion and public health field (CHPPHF), and the health gains notation framework-14 screening question for quality assessment of qualitative and quantitative studies. Smokers have been found to have bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss compared to nonsmokers. Oral and respiratory cancers are among the most lethal known diseases caused by cigarette smoking and other commonly occurring sequelae such as stained teeth, periodontal diseases, etc.Naveed AhmedSohaib ArshadSyed Nahid BasheerMohmed Isaqali KarobariAnand MaryaCharu Mohan MaryaPratibha TanejaPietro MessinaChan Yean YeanGiuseppe Alessandro ScardinaMDPI AGarticleoral healthsmokingperiodontal diseaserisk factorsoral cancerMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11003, p 11003 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oral health smoking periodontal disease risk factors oral cancer Medicine R
spellingShingle	oral health smoking periodontal disease risk factors oral cancer Medicine R Naveed Ahmed Sohaib Arshad Syed Nahid Basheer Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Anand Marya Charu Mohan Marya Pratibha Taneja Pietro Messina Chan Yean Yean Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
description	Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking acts as a source for a variety of oral and systemic diseases. Various periodontal issues such as increased pocket depth, loss of alveolar bone, tooth mobility, oral lesions, ulcerations, halitosis, and stained teeth are more common among smokers. This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines from PRISMA, and research articles were retrieved from the Web database sources on 31 May 2021. The quality of research articles was ensured by the type of evidence from combined schema incorporating as schema-13 evidence type description, Cochrane health promotion and public health field (CHPPHF), and the health gains notation framework-14 screening question for quality assessment of qualitative and quantitative studies. Smokers have been found to have bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss compared to nonsmokers. Oral and respiratory cancers are among the most lethal known diseases caused by cigarette smoking and other commonly occurring sequelae such as stained teeth, periodontal diseases, etc.
format	article
author	Naveed Ahmed Sohaib Arshad Syed Nahid Basheer Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Anand Marya Charu Mohan Marya Pratibha Taneja Pietro Messina Chan Yean Yean Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
author_facet	Naveed Ahmed Sohaib Arshad Syed Nahid Basheer Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Anand Marya Charu Mohan Marya Pratibha Taneja Pietro Messina Chan Yean Yean Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
author_sort	Naveed Ahmed
title	Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
title_short	Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
title_full	Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
title_fullStr	Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases
title_sort	smoking a dangerous addiction: a systematic review on an underrated risk factor for oral diseases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a3a56e1c02e4c0586fbfe0c35a4f7b5
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Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases

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